Complete Current Affairs for AFCAT 2026: Defence, GK, National & International Updates

AFCAT 2026 Most Important Current Affairs

Awards 

71ST FILM AWARDS 2025

BEST ACTOR  

Category	Winner / Film
Best Actor	Shah Rukh Khan (Jawan)
Best Actor (Critics)	Vikrant Massey (12th Fail)
Best Actress	Rani Mukerji (Mrs. Chatterjee vs Norway)
Best Hindi Film	Kathal: A Jackfruit Mystery
Best Feature Film	12th Fail
Lifetime Achievement	Mohanlal (Dadasaheb Phalke Award)

29 HIGHEST CIVILIAN HONORS BESTOWED O PM MODI

Country	Honour / Award Name
Oman	Order of Oman
Ethiopia	Great Honour Nishan
Namibia	Order of the Welwitschia
Brazil	Order of the Southern Cross
Trinidad & Tobago	Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
Ghana	Order of the Ghana
Cyprus	Order of Makarios II
Sri Lanka	Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana
Mauritius	Order of the Star and Key of the Indian Ocean
Barbados	Order of Freedom of Barbados

Miss Universe 2025

• Winner: Fátima Bosch Fernández (Mexico)
• Host City: Bangkok, Thailand
• Runner-Up: Praveenar Singh

Miss World

• Winner: Opal Suchita (Thailand)

FILM FARE AWARDS 2025

Category	Winner / Film
Best Film	Laapataa Ladies
Best Director	Kiran Rao (Laapataa Ladies)
Best Actor	Kartik Aaryan (Chandu Champion)
Best Actor (Critics / Joint)	Abhishek Bachchan (I Want to Talk)
Best Actress	Alia Bhatt (Jigra)
Critics Award – Best Film	I Want to Talk

NOBEL PRIZE 2025

Category	Awardees
Physics	John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, John M. Martinis
Economics	Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, Omar M. Yaghi
Peace	María Corina Machado

AWARDS & HONOURS

Person / Entity	Award / Honour	Details / Reason
Leonardo DiCaprio	Desert Palm Achievement Award	For his role in One Battle After Another
Raveena Tandon	PETA India’s Person of the Year 2025	Animal welfare advocacy
Neeraj Ghaywan’s Film – Homebound	Best International Feature Film	International recognition
Alia Bhatt	Golden Globes Horizon Award	At Red Sea International Film Festival, Jeddah
Supriya Sahu	UNEP Champions of the Earth Award 2025	Climate action in Tamil Nadu
Michelle Bachelet	Indira Gandhi Peace Prize 2024	Former President of Chile
Tom Cruise	Honorary Oscar	2025 Governors Awards, Los Angeles
Keerthy Suresh	UNICEF India Celebrity Advocate	Child welfare & advocacy
David Szalay	Booker Prize 2025	Hungarian-British author
Sri Sri Ravi Shankar	World Leader for Peace and Security Award 2025	Global peace initiatives
Indian Peacekeepers (Abyei)	UNISFA Honour	Dedicated service
Sherry Singh	Mrs Universe Title	First-ever Indian winner, Manila
Donald Trump	Presidential Medal of Honor	Conferred by Israel
Sonali Ghosh	Kenton R. Miller Award	First Indian recipient; Kaziranga Director
Bibi Fatima SHG (Dharwad)	UNDP Equator Prize 2025	Community-led development
Sunil Amrith	British Academy Book Prize 2025	The Burning Earth
Keir Starmer	‘Living Bridge’ Honour	India-UK Free Trade Agreement
Anuparna Roy	Best Director (Orizzonti)	Songs of Forgotten Trees, 82nd Venice Film Festival
Kokichi Akuzawa (102)	Guinness World Record	Oldest man to summit Mount Fuji
Suhani Shah	“Oscar for Magicians”	First Indian winner
Dharmendra Pradhan	Kalinga Ratna Award 2024	Award conferred by President Murmu
Leila Aboulela	PEN Pinter Prize 2025	Literature
Geetanjali Shree	International Booker Prize	Novel: Tomb of Sand
Deepika Sehrawat	Poligras Magic Skill Award	Magic & illusion
Varsha Deshpande	UN Population Award 2025	Women’s rights activism
Manika Vishwakarma	Miss Universe India 2025	Jaipur
Jinali Mody (India)	UNEP Champions of the Earth Award 2025	Founder, Banofi Leather
Joseph Nguthiru (Kenya)	UNEP Champions of the Earth Award 2025	Founder, HyaPak
Noemi Florea (USA)	UNEP Champions of the Earth Award 2025	Environmental innovation

Important Sports

2025 Women’s T20 World Cup – Cricket for the Blind

Aspect	Details
Event	Inaugural Women’s Blind T20 World Cup
Co-Host Countries	India and Sri Lanka
League Match Venues	New Delhi, Bengaluru
Semi-Final & Final Venue	Colombo, Sri Lanka
Champion	India
Runner-Up	Nepal
Final Result	India defeated Nepal by 7 wickets
Player of the Match (Final)	Phula Saren (India)
Captain (India)	Deepika T.C.

Category	Details
International Governing Body	World Blind Cricket Council (WBCC)
Player Classification	B1 – Completely Blind
	B2 – Partially Blind
	B3 – Partially Sighted
Ball Used	Hard plastic ball with ball bearings (for sound-based tracking)

Women's Creating History

Aspect	Details
Event	ICC Women’s ODI World Cup
Champion (2025)	India
Final Match	India defeated South Africa
Achievement	India won their first-ever ICC Women’s ODI World Cup title
Player of the Match (Final)	Shafali Verma
Player of the Tournament	Deepti Sharma

Category	Details
Initially Organised By	International Women’s Cricket Council (till 2005)
Current Governing Body	International Cricket Council (ICC)
Format	Round-robin + Knockout stages
Participants	Top women’s cricketing nations

Team	Titles Won
Australia	7
England	4
New Zealand	1
India	1 (2025)

Year	Hosting Details
1978	Hosted by India
1997	Hosted by India
2013	Hosted by India
2025	Hosted by India along with Sri Lanka

India to host CWG 2030

Year	Host City	Country	Key Notes
2010	New Delhi	India	Last time India hosted the CWG
2026	Glasgow	Scotland	Upcoming Commonwealth Games
2030	Ahmedabad (Proposed)	India	Centenary edition of the CWG

World Para Athletics C‘ship

Aspect	Details
Event	World Championships
Host City	New Delhi
Country	India
Dates	27 September – 5 October 2025
India’s Flag Bearers	Preethi Pal, Dharambir Nain

Year	Host City	Country
2015	Doha	Qatar
2019	Dubai	United Arab Emirates
2024	Kobe	Japan
2025	New Delhi	India

ASIA CUP 2025

Category	Player
Venue	Dubai
Most Valuable Player (MVP)	Kuldeep Yadav
Most Runs	Abhishek Sharma
Most Wickets	Kuldeep Yadav
Most Sixes	Abhishek Sharma
Player of the Match (Final)	Tilak Varma
Game Changer of the Match (Final)	Shivam Dube
Player of the Tournament	Abhishek Sharma

US OPENS-2025

Position	Player	Nationality
Winner	Carlos Alcaraz	Spain
Runner-Up	Jannik Sinner	Italy

Position	Player	Nationality
Winner	Aryna Sabalenka	Belarus
Runner-Up	Amanda Anisimova	USA

Australian Open 2025

Category	Winner (Nationality)
Men’s Singles	Jannik Sinner (Italy)
Women’s Singles	Madison Keys (USA)

French Open 2025

Category	Winner (Nationality)
Men’s Singles	Carlos Alcaraz (Spain)
Women’s Singles	Coco Gauff (USA)

Wimbledon 2025

Category	Winner (Nationality)
Men’s Singles	Jannik Sinner (Italy)
Women’s Singles	Iga Świątek (Poland)

FIFA 2026

Mascot Name	Represents	Host Country	Symbolism
Clutch	USA	United States	Energy, passion, modern football culture
Maple	Canada	Canada	National identity, unity, heritage
Zayu	Mexico	Mexico	Culture, tradition, football spirit

WORLD UNIVERSITY GAMES 2025

Aspect	Details
Host Country	Germany
India’s Overall Rank	20th
India’s Total Medals	12 Medals
Gold	2
Silver	5
Bronze	5

Rank	Country	Gold Medals
1st	Japan	34
2nd	People’s Republic of China	30
3rd	United States of America	28

Athlete / Event	Medal	Category
Ankita Dhyani	Silver	Women’s 3000 m Steeplechase
Indian Team	Bronze	Men’s 4×100 m Relay
Indian Team	Bronze	Women’s Race Walk Team Event
Vaishnavi Adkar	Bronze	Tennis Singles

Detail	Information
Athlete	Vaishnavi Adkar
Achievement	India’s first-ever tennis medal at World University Games since 1979
Previous Medal (1979)	Nandan Bal – Silver

Edition	Mascot	Host
Winter Games	TO Tag	Torino
Summer Games	Wanda	Rhine-Ruhr

Year	Host Location	Country
2027	Chungcheong Province	South Korea

THE HISTORY CREATOR

Player	Achievement	Key Details
Divya Deshmukh	Winner – FIDE Women’s World Cup	Defeated Koneru Humpy in the final
Divya Deshmukh	Grandmaster Title	Became India’s 88th Grandmaster

WORLD BOXING CUP 2025 ASTHANA

Aspect	Details
Event	World Boxing Cup 2025
Host City	Astana
Country	Kazakhstan

Boxer	Weight Category	Opponent	Opponent Country	Result
Sakshi	54 kg	Yosline Perez	USA	Won by Unanimous Decision
Jaismine	57 kg	Jucielen Romeu	Brazil	Won 4:1

WIMBLEDON 2025

Category	Winners
Men’s Singles	Jannik Sinner
Women’s Singles	Iga Świątek
Men’s Doubles	Julian Cash / Lloyd Glasspool
Women’s Doubles	Veronika Kudermetova / Elise Mertens
Mixed Doubles	Sem Verbeek / Kateřina Siniaková

Australian Open 2025

Category	Winner
Men’s Singles	Jannik Sinner
Women’s Singles	Madison Keys

French Open 2025

Category	Winner
Men’s Singles	Carlos Alcaraz
Women’s Singles	Coco Gauff

COMMONWEALTH WEIGHTLIFTING C’SHIP

Men’s Category

Athlete	Weight Category	Medal
Mirabai Chanu	48 kg	🥇 Gold
Soumya Sunil Dalvi	48 kg	🥈 Silver
Sneha Soren	53 kg	🥈 Silver
Bindyarani Devi	58 kg	🥈 Silver
Nirupama Devi	63 kg	🥈 Silver
Mehak Sharma	86+ kg	🥈 Silver
Harjinder Kaur	69 kg	🥉 Bronze
Vanshita Verma	86 kg	🥉 Bronze

Athlete	Weight Category	Medal
Ajith Narayana	71 kg	🥇 Gold
Ajaya Babu Valluri	79 kg	🥇 Gold
Muthupandi Raja	65 kg	🥈 Silver
Dilbag Singh	94 kg	🥈 Silver
Lovepreet Singh	110+ kg	🥉 Bronze

Women’s Category

Achievement	Details
Commonwealth Kho Kho Championship	India to host March 2026
Khelo India University Games (KIUG)	Inaugurated at Sawai Mansingh Stadium, Jaipur
Archery League	Launched, to be held Oct 2025, Yamuna Sports Complex, Delhi
Neeraj Chopra	Awarded honorary Lieutenant Colonel rank
David Beckham	Received knighthood from King Charles III
Ahmedabad	Officially recommended for 2030 Commonwealth Games
Qatar & India	Competing to host 2036 Olympics
Deepti Sharma	Costliest buy at WPL 2026 auction – ₹3.20 crore

Event	Achievement
FIFA World Cup 2026	Curaçao, Cape Verde, Haiti & Panama qualified for first time
FIH Hockey World Cup 2026	Co-hosted by Belgium & Netherlands
Men’s Junior Hockey WC 2025	Germany defeated Spain
India Women’s Hockey	Won Women’s Kabaddi World Cup 2025 – Dhaka final (35–28)

Event	Achievement
WSF Squash World Cup 2025	India won first-ever title, defeated Hong Kong 3–0 at Chennai
World Boxing Cup Finals	India won 9 gold medals, Greater Noida
FEI Asian Equestrian Championships	Pattaya, 5 medals including historic Eventing gold by Ashish Limaye
World Games, Wushu 52kg	Namrata Batra reached final
Rugby 7s Junior Nationals	Bihar U18 Boys’ team won, Dehradun
Minerva Academy FC	Won U14 Norway Cup 2025

Event	Winner / Achievement
Australian Open 2025	Men: Jannik Sinner, Women: Madison Keys
French Open 2025	Men: Carlos Alcaraz, Women: Coco Gauff
Wimbledon 2025	Men: Jannik Sinner, Women: Iga Świątek, Doubles: Julian Cash/Lloyd Glasspool, Veronika Kudermetova/Elise Mertens, Mixed Doubles: Sem Verbeek/Kateřina Siniaková
US Open 2025	Men: Carlos Alcaraz, Runner-up: Jannik Sinner; Women: Aryna Sabalenka, Runner-up: Amanda Anisimova
Davis Cup	Italy won fourth title
Roger Federer	To be inducted into 2026 Tennis Hall of Fame
BWF World Junior Championships	Returned to India after 17 years, hosted in Guwahati
Badminton World Championships 2026	India to host in New Delhi

Event	Achievement
Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy	Jharkhand won first title
Women’s T20I milestone	Smriti Mandhana completes 4,000 runs
Kabaddi World Cup 2025	India won second consecutive title, 35–28 vs Chinese Taipei
South Africa vs India	SA beat India by 408 runs, Guwahati
ICC Men’s T20 WC 2026	Italy & Netherlands qualified
Jasprit Bumrah	First Indian fast bowler to play 50 Tests across all formats

Event	Athlete	Medal / Achievement
Senior Championship, Ahmedabad	Ajith Narayana, Ajaya Babu Valluri	🥇 Gold (71kg, 79kg)
Senior Championship, Ahmedabad	Muthupandi Raja, Dilbag Singh	🥈 Silver (65kg, 94kg)
Senior Championship, Ahmedabad	Lovepreet Singh	🥉 Bronze (110+kg)
Senior Championship, Ahmedabad (Women)	Mirabai Chanu	🥇 Gold (48kg)
Senior Championship, Ahmedabad (Women)	Soumya Dalvi, Sneha Soren, Bindyarani Devi, Nirupama Devi, Mehak Sharma	🥈 Silver
Senior Championship, Ahmedabad (Women)	Harjinder Kaur, Vanshita Verma	🥉 Bronze
World Championships, Norway	Mirabai Chanu	🥈 Silver (48kg)
World Para Athletics, New Delhi	Nishad Kumar & Simran Sharma	Gold
Khelo India Tribal Games	Unveiled	Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh
11th Asian Aquatics Championships	India	Host, China topped
SAFF U-17 Championship	India	Defeated Bangladesh 4–1 in Penalty Shootout
World Para Archery, Gwangju	Sheetal Devi	First Para Archery gold

Achievement	Athlete / Team	Key Details
Global Chess League 2025	Alpine SG Pipers	Led by R Praggnanandhaa & Anish Giri, won maiden title
FIDE Women’s World Cup	Divya Deshmukh	Defeated Koneru Humpy, became India’s 88th Grandmaster
Youngest rated chess player	Sarwagya Singh Kushwaha	FIDE rating 1572
India’s 90th Grandmaster	Ilamparthi AR	Secured GM norm at Bijeljina Open, Bosnia
FIDE Chess World Cup 2025 Trophy	Renamed	Viswanathan Anand Cup
European Chess Club Cup 2025	D Gukesh & Divya Deshmukh	Both won individual golds

Important Exercise

Exercise Name	Type	Participating Nations	Location / Notes
Desert Cyclone	Joint Military Exercise	India–U.A.E.	Abu Dhabi
Harimau Shakti 2025	Bilateral Field Firing	India–Malaysia	Mahajan Firing Range, Rajasthan
Garuda Shakti	Joint Special Forces	India–Indonesia	Special Forces Training School, Bakloh
Suryakiran-XIX	Joint Army Exercise	India–Nepal	Pithoragarh
Exercise Ekuverin 2025	Bilateral Army Exercise	India–Maldives	Kerala, GARHWAL RIFLE Battalion
AJEYA WARRIOR-25	Bilateral Military Exercise	India–UK	Rajasthan
Garuda 25	Air Force Exercise	India–France	France
Mitra Shakti XI	Bilateral Military Exercise	India–Sri Lanka	Belagavi, 10–23 Nov 2025
VINBAX	Bilateral Army Exercise	India–Vietnam	Hanoi
Drone Kavach	Army Drill (Drone Warfare)	India	Eastern Arunachal Pradesh
Trishul	Tri-Service Exercise	India	Along Pakistan border
NATPOLREX-X	Pollution Response Exercise	Indian Coast Guard	Off Chennai
Carrier Strike Group Exercise	Naval Exercise	India–UK	INS Vikrant & HMS Prince of Wales
AUSTRAHIND 2025	Bilateral Defence Exercise	India–Australia	Perth
Samudra Shakti	Naval Exercise	India–Indonesia	Visakhapatnam
Maiden India-Greece Maritime Exercise	Naval Bilateral	India–Greece	Mediterranean Sea
Siyom Prahar 2025	Army Exercise	India	Arunachal Pradesh
Maitree-XIV / Maitree 2025	Bilateral Army Exercise	India–Thailand	Umroi, Meghalaya
ZAPAD 2025	Multilateral Army Exercise	India–Russia	Russia
Yudh Kaushal 3.0	Army Exercise	India	Arunachal Pradesh
Yudh Abhyas 2025	Joint Army Exercise	India–USA	Alaska, Madras Regiment
Maru Jwala	Army Desert Exercise	India	Jaisalmer, Rajasthan
Bright Star 2025	Multinational Exercise	India–Egypt & Allies	Egypt, 700+ personnel
Bold Kurukshetra 2025	Bilateral Army Exercise	India–Singapore	Rajasthan desert
SIMBEX 2025	Naval Bilateral Exercise	India–Singapore	Singapore; Ships: INS Delhi, INS Satpura, INS Kiltan, INS Shakti
Talisman Sabre 2025	Multinational Defence Exercise	India–Australia	Australia’s largest exercise; India’s first participation
Divya Drishti 2025	Army High-Altitude Exercise	India	East Sikkim
Drone Prahar 2025	Army Drone Exercise	India	Arunachal Pradesh

Important INS

Ship Name	Type	Key Details
INS Androth	Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC)	Built by GRSE Kolkata, named after Androth Island, Lakshadweep
INS Arnala	ASW-SWC	Lead ship of Arnala class
INS Anjadip	ASW-SWC	Arnala-class corvette
INS Amini	ASW-SWC	Arnala-class corvette
INS Agray	ASW-SWC	Arnala-class corvette
INS Akshay	ASW-SWC	Arnala-class corvette
INS Azhikkal	ASW-SWC	Arnala-class corvette
INS Ajay	ASW-SWC	Arnala-class corvette

Ship Name	Commissioned / Notes	Builder	Special Details
INS Himgiri	Commissioned recently	GRSE Kolkata	First P-17A stealth frigate; legacy namesake served in Operation Pawan, Cactus, Sahayata
INS Udaygiri	Commissioned recently	MDL Mumbai	Second P-17A stealth frigate; 100th ship designed by Navy’s Warship Design Bureau; legacy namesake served in Operation Pawan, Cactus, Sahayata
INS Nilgiri	Active	MDL / GRSE	Part of P-17A series
INS Taragiri	Active	MDL / GRSE	P-17A frigate
INS Mahendragiri	Active	MDL / GRSE	P-17A frigate
INS Dunagiri	Active	MDL / GRSE	P-17A frigate
INS Vindhyagiri	Active	MDL / GRSE	P-17A frigate

Ship Name	Sequence	Builder	Designer	Notes
INS Sandhayak	1st	GRSE Kolkata	Warship Design Bureau	First ship of Survey Vessel (Large) series
INS Nirdeshak	2nd	GRSE Kolkata	Warship Design Bureau	Second ship of the series
INS Ikshak (Yard 3027)	3rd	GRSE Kolkata	Warship Design Bureau	Third ship received by Indian Navy
4th Ship	TBD	GRSE Kolkata	Warship Design Bureau	Fourth ship in the series

IMPORTANT INS

Ship / Vessel	Type / Class	Key Event / Deployment	Notes
INS Sindhughosh	Sindhughosh-class Submarine	Decommissioned	After 40 years of service
INSV Kaundinya	Sailing Vessel	Maiden voyage	Porbandar → Muscat, 29 Dec 2025
ICGS Amulya	Adamya-class FPV	Commissioned	3rd in series of 8 FPVs, Goa
ICGS Sarthak	Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV)	Port visit	Chabahar, Iran; 4th of 5 OPVs built by Goa Shipyard
INS Gharial + 3 vessels	Various	Operation Sagar Bandhu	Humanitarian aid to Sri Lanka cyclone-affected areas
ICGS Vigraha	Coast Guard Ship	Operational visit	Indonesia
INS Mahe	Mahe-class ASW SWC	Commissioned	24 Nov 2025, Mumbai; first Mahe-class ASW Shallow Water Craft
INS Ikshak	Survey Vessel (Large)	Commissioned	6 Nov 2025; indigenous hydrographic capability, Aatmanirbhar Bharat
INS Sahyadri	Shivalik-class Frigate	Exercise & Deployment	Malabar 2025 at Guam; JAIMEX 25 at Yokosuka, Japan; Quad interoperability
INS Savitri	Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV)	Port Visits	Port Beira, Mozambique & Port Victoria, Seychelles
INS Taragiri	Project 17A Frigate	Delivered	MDL Mumbai
INS Gomati	Godavari-class Frigate	Decommissioned	To be displayed at Uttar Pradesh Naval Shaurya Museum, Lucknow
Sindhu Vessel	Passenger / Survey	Voyage	Completed first passenger voyage to Barren Island
INS Nistar	Survey / Training	Exercise	Arrived in Singapore for Exercise Pacific Reach 2025
ICGS Akshar	Adamya-class FPV	Commissioned	2nd in series, Karaikal, Puducherry
INS Aravali	Training / Frigate	Commissioned	Gurugram
INS Tamal	Naval Ship	Port call	Casablanca, Morocco (3-day)
INS Rana & INS Jyoti	Naval Ships	Exercise	Participated in SLINEX-25, Colombo (14–18 Aug 2025)

Important Achievements

Category	Key Update	Important Details
Defence Exports	BrahMos Missile	India close to finalising BrahMos export deals with Vietnam & Indonesia
Air Defence	IADWS	Indigenous Integrated Air Defence Weapon System to protect Delhi from missiles, drones & aircraft
Unmanned Systems	Vrishabh Combat ATV	Developed by Bhairav Robotics; unmanned ground platform for combat, ISR, casualty evacuation & logistics
Coast Guard	Samudra Pratap	First indigenously built Pollution Control Vessel inducted by ICG at Goa Shipyard Ltd
Aviation MRO	C-130J Facility	New Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul (MRO) facility for C-130J Super Hercules in Bengaluru
Foreign Military Presence	Tajikistan Exit	India officially ends presence at Ayni Air Base, Tajikistan
Naval Infrastructure	Bitra Island Detachment	Indian Navy setting up a detachment at Bitra Island, Lakshadweep (Arabian Sea)
Naval Shipbuilding	INS Taragiri	4th Nilgiri-class (Project 17A) stealth frigate delivered to Navy (29 Nov 2025)
Space & Defence	Vikram-I Rocket	PM Modi inaugurates Skyroot Aerospace’s Infinity Campus & unveils Vikram-I
Counter-Drone	SAKSHAM Grid	Indian Army launches SAKSHAM: AI-enabled anti-drone grid
Military Mobility	Pravaig VEER EV	India’s first indigenous electric military vehicle
IAF Operations	Nyoma Airbase	Air Chief Marshal AP Singh lands C-130J at Nyoma airbase (Ladakh)
Missile Test (Pakistan)	Fatah-IV	Pakistan tests long-range cruise missile Fatah-IV
Indigenous Production	Pinaka & Nagastra	IAF Chief visits Pinaka rocket & Nagastra (Solar drone) units
Air Power Ranking	Global Ranking	India becomes 3rd-strongest aerial power, surpassing China
Naval Innovation	Electric Warship	Rolls-Royce offers collaboration on India’s first electric warship
Air Defence (Russia)	S-400 Delivery	5 systems by 2026; 4 delivered, 5th next year
Naval Commissioning	INS Androth	2nd ASW Shallow Water Craft, commissioned 6 Oct 2025
Defence Diplomacy	India–Morocco MoU	MoU signed; Defence Wing opened in Rabat
Defence Manufacturing	Morocco Plant	India opens first defence manufacturing unit in Morocco
Army Reforms	Bhairav Commando Unit	Special Strike Force introduced with Bhairav Light Commando Unit
Missile Defence	Akash Prime	Successfully tested at 15,000 ft in Ladakh
Fighter Aircraft	Tejas Mk-1A	Second GE F404 engine delivered to HAL
Attack Helicopters	Apache AH-64E	Indian Army to receive first batch from US
Air Defence Milestone	Akash Prime Kill	Two high-speed aerial targets destroyed at high altitude
Global Defence	Patriot Missiles	USA to send Patriot air defence systems to Ukraine
IAF Capability	KC-135	IAF to lease KC-135 aerial refueller from USA by Oct 2025
Small Arms	AK-203 “Sher”	Fully Made-in-India AK-203 rifle
HADR Diplomacy	BHISHM Cubes	India gifts 2 BHISHM medical cubes to Maldives
Naval Shipbuilding	Yard 3034 Ajay	8th & final ASW-SWC launched by Indian Navy
Veterans Welfare	SPARSH	System for Pension Administration Raksha for defence pensions
Small Arms Production	IRRPL	6.01 lakh AK-203 rifles delivered early
Strategic Metals	Titanium Plant	Rajnath Singh inaugurates Titanium & Superalloy Plant, Lucknow
Air-to-Air Missile	Meteor	India plans large acquisition of Meteor AAMs

Important Missiles

Feature	Details
Type	Surface-to-Surface Ballistic Missile (SSBM)
Programme	Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP)
Developer	DRDO
Missile Family	Agni Series
Range	~ 5,000 km
Range Category	Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM)
Propulsion	Three-stage, solid fuel
Launch Platform	Road-mobile (canister-launched)
Strategic Role	Long-range nuclear deterrence
Other IGMDP Missiles	Prithvi, Trishul, Nag, Akash

Missile	Role
Prithvi	Short-range ballistic missile
Agni	Medium to long-range ballistic missile
Trishul	Short-range surface-to-air missile
Nag	Anti-tank guided missile
Akash	Medium-range surface-to-air missile

Category	Range
Short-Range Missiles (SRM)	< 1,000 km
Medium-Range Ballistic Missiles (MRBM)	1,000 – 3,000 km
Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBM)	3,000 – 5,500 km
Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM)	> 5,500 km

Country / Organisation	Missile / System	Type	Key Details
USA	Golden Dome Missile Defence Shield	Missile Defence System	Announced by US President; worth USD 175 billion; aimed at nationwide protection from missiles
Iran	Khorramshahr-5	Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM)	Iran may be preparing/testing its first ICBM
Iran	Sustainable Power 1404	Missile Drill	Conducted in Gulf of Oman; involved cruise missiles
Sweden (Saab)	Nimbrix	Missile (new system)	Newly announced missile under development by Saab
Philippines	Pralay (India)	Tactical Surface-to-Surface Missile (SSM)	Philippine Armed Forces interested in procuring India’s Pralay system
India (DRDO)	Pralay	Quasi-ballistic Missile	Solid propellant; range 150–500 km; tested from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha
India (IAF)	AIR LORA	Air-Launched Ballistic Missile	Developed by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI); enhances long-range precision strike
Turkey	Tayfun Block-4	Hypersonic Ballistic Missile	Turkey’s first hypersonic ballistic missile, unveiled in Istanbul
India–USA	Javelin ATGM	Anti-Tank Guided Missile	India seeks co-production; developed by Raytheon & Lockheed Martin

Important Appointments

Person	Position / Appointment	Country / Organisation	Key Highlight
Sangeeta Barooah Pisharoty	President, Press Club of India	India	First woman President of PCI
Field Marshal Asim Munir	Chief of Defence Forces	Pakistan	Pakistan appoints first-ever Chief of Defence Forces
José Antonio Kast	President	Chile	Elected as next President of Chile
Justice Surya Kant	Chief Justice of India (53rd)	India	Took oath as 53rd CJI
Sanae Takaichi	Prime Minister	Japan	Japan’s first female Prime Minister
Anutin Charnvirakul	Prime Minister	Thailand	Becomes PM of Thailand
Khaled El-Enany	Director-General (Executive Board nod)	UNESCO / Egypt	Poised to become first Arab Director-General of UNESCO
R. Venkataramani	Attorney General of India	India	Reappointed as Attorney General
Urjit Patel	Executive Director	International Monetary Fund (IMF)	Former RBI Governor appointed at IMF
Irfaan Ali	President (Second Term)	Guyana	Secures second presidential term
Acharya Devvrat	Governor of Maharashtra	India	Former Gujarat Governor; succeeds C. P. Radhakrishnan
C. P. Radhakrishnan	Vice-President	India	Vacates Maharashtra Governor post

Important Obituaries

Name	Field / Identity	Age	Place / Date	Key Contribution / Recognition
Vinod Kumar Shukla	Hindi Literature	88	Raipur	Jnanpith Award winner, renowned Hindi writer
Dharmendra	Indian Cinema	89	Mumbai (Nov 24, 2025)	Legendary Bollywood actor, known as “He-Man of Indian Cinema”
Ram Sutar	Sculpture / Art	100	—	Designer of Statue of Unity; sculptor of Mahatma Gandhi & Chhatrapati Shivaji
Satya Pal Malik	Politics / Administration	79	New Delhi (Aug 5, 2025)	Former Governor of Jammu & Kashmir
Frank Caprio	Judiciary / Media	88	—	Known as “Nicest Judge in the World”, star of Caught in Providence
La Ganesan	Politics	80	Chennai (Aug 15, 2025)	Governor of Nagaland
Pankaj Dheer	Television / Film	68	—	Famous for playing Karna in Mahabharat
Asrani	Indian Cinema	84	—	Veteran actor; iconic role in Sholay; acted in 350+ films

Important Days & Themes

Date	Day	Theme / Significance
01 July	National Doctors’ Day (India)	Behind the Mask: Who Heals the Healers?
01 July	Chartered Accountants Day	Empowering Trust, Enabling Growth
01 July	GST Day	Commemorates GST implementation in India
11 July	World Population Day	Empowering Young People to Create the Families They Want in a Fair & Hopeful World
26 July	Kargil Vijay Diwas	Victory in 1999 Kargil War (26th anniversary in 2025)
29 July	World Tiger Day	Securing the Future of Tigers with Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities at the Heart

Date	Day	Theme / Significance
12 August	International Youth Day	Local Youth Actions for the SDGs and Beyond
15 August	Independence Day (India)	Theme 2025: “Naya Bharat”
23 August	National Space Day (India)	Chandrayaan-3 success & India’s space journey
29 August	National Sports Day (India)	Sport to Promote Peaceful and Inclusive Societies

Date	Day	Theme / Significance
08 September	International Literacy Day	Promoting Literacy in the Digital Era
14 September	Hindi Diwas	76th anniversary of Hindi as official language
16 September	World Ozone Day	From Science to Global Action
23 September	Ayurveda Day (India)	Ayurveda for People & Planet
27 September	World Tourism Day	Tourism and Sustainable Transformation

Date	Day	Theme / Significance
06 October	World Habitat Day	Urban Crisis Response
07 October	World Cotton Day	The Fabric of Our Lives
08 October	Indian Air Force Day	Motto: Nabhah Sparsam Diptam
16 October	World Food Day	Sustainable Food Systems for a Healthy Planet
24 October	United Nations Day	Building Our Future Together

Date	Day	Theme / Significance
11 November	National Education Day (India)	AI and Education: Preserving Human Agency in a World of Automation
14 November	World Diabetes Day	Diabetes Across Life Stages
19 November	World Toilet Day	Sanitation in a Changing World
23 November	NCC Raising Day	Motto: Unity and Discipline
26 November	Constitution Day (India)	Observed on adoption of Indian Constitution
26 November	National Milk Day	Honouring the White Revolution

Date	Day	Theme / Significance
01 December	World AIDS Day	Overcoming Disruption, Transforming the AIDS Response
01 December	BSF Raising Day	Formation of Border Security Force
04 December	Indian Navy Day	Theme: Combat Ready, Cohesive, Credible & Aatmanirbhar Force
05 December	World Soil Day	Healthy Soils for Healthy Cities
07 December	Armed Forces Flag Day	Welfare & Gratitude
16 December	Vijay Diwas	Liberation of Bangladesh (1971 War)
18 December	International Migrants Day	Migration awareness
22 December	National Mathematics Day (India)	Mathematics, Arts & Creativity
23 December	Kisan Diwas	Empowering Annadatas for a Prosperous Nation
25 December	Good Governance Day	Prashasan Gaon Ki Ore
26 December	Veer Bal Diwas	Martyrdom of Sahibzadas

Important 1st in news

Country / State	Initiative / Achievement	Key Details / Significance
Uruguay	Legalisation of Euthanasia	First Latin American country to legalise euthanasia through legislation
India (Uttarakhand)	Bajrang Setu	India’s first glass suspension bridge; to transform Rishikesh by 2025
Uttar Pradesh	Forest University	India’s first Forest University to be established in Gorakhpur
Rajasthan	Namo Biodiversity Park	State’s first biodiversity park; inaugurated in Alwar
Italy	UNESCO Cuisine Recognition	First country to get UNESCO recognition for its national cuisine
China	Artificial Floating Island	World’s first floating island designed to withstand nuclear blasts; operational by 2028
Maharashtra	Starlink Partnership	First Indian state to collaborate with Elon Musk’s Starlink
Punjab	BharatNet Implementation	First state to fully implement amended BharatNet Scheme
India (Bihar)	National Dolphin Research Centre	First NDRC located in Patna for Gangetic dolphin conservation
India	Cheetah Reintroduction	Mukhi becomes first India-born cheetah to reach adulthood (Kuno NP)
India (Andhra Pradesh)	AI-Powered ICCC	India’s first AI-based Integrated Command & Control Centre at Tirumala
India (Goa)	Integrative Oncology Centre	First centre integrating Ayurveda, Yoga & modern cancer care
India	Polymetallic Sulphides Contracts	First nation with two ISA PMS exploration contracts
Namibia	UPI Adoption	First country globally to sign licensing agreement for UPI
Albania	AI Cabinet Minister (Diella)	World’s first AI minister for public procurement & anti-corruption
India (Navy)	Lanza-N Radar	First Tata-made Lanza-N 3D air surveillance radar installed
Delhi	Solar-Powered Legislature	First legislative assembly fully run on solar power
India (Mizoram)	Bairabi–Sairang Railway	First rail connectivity to Aizawl; ₹8,000 crore project
India–UAE	Atal Innovation Centre	India’s first overseas AIC at IIT Delhi–Abu Dhabi
India (Assam)	Vulture Knowledge Portal	First portal for vulture research & conservation
India (Tamil Nadu)	Maritime Simulation Centre	India’s first Maritime Simulation Centre at AMET, Chennai
India (Assam)	Bamboo-Based Biorefinery	Country’s first bamboo biorefinery completed by EIL
Maharashtra	Disha Abhiyan	First state to implement uniform education for intellectually disabled students
India (Rajasthan)	Drone-AI Cloud Seeding	First AI-powered cloud seeding experiment at Ramgarh Dam
Kerala	Digital Literacy	India’s first fully digitally literate state
India	OpenAI India Office	OpenAI to open its first India office in New Delhi
Puducherry	TB Screening Integration	First UT to integrate TB screening with Family Adoption Programme
Tamil Nadu	Hornbill Conservation Centre	India’s first Centre of Excellence for Hornbill Conservation (ATR)

Important women in News

Name	Achievement	Key Details / Significance
Sai Jadhav	First woman officer to pass out from IMA, Dehradun	Broke a 93-year-old record; commissioned into the Territorial Army
Anu Garg (IAS)	First woman Chief Secretary of Odisha	Senior IAS officer; to assume charge from 1 January 2026
Harmanpreet Kaur	First female Brand Ambassador of PNB	Appointment by Punjab National Bank to strengthen innovation-driven outreach
Marium Fatima	Bihar’s first Woman FIDE Master	From Muzaffarpur; historic milestone in chess for Bihar
Sushila Karki	First woman to lead Nepal’s government	Became Interim Prime Minister of Nepal in 2025
Prof. Uma Kanjilal	First woman Vice-Chancellor of IGNOU	Recognition of her academic leadership and administrative excellence
Sonali Mishra (IPS)	First woman Director General of RPF	First female DG of the Railway Protection Force
Deepika Padukone	First Indian actress on Hollywood Walk of Fame	Received the prestigious Hollywood Walk of Fame star
Aastha Poonia	First woman fighter pilot (Indian Navy)	Trained as a fighter pilot; ceremony held at INS Dega, Visakhapatnam

Important World Affairs

43rd UNESCO GENERAL CONFERENCE – 2025

Aspect	Details
Session	43rd UNESCO General Conference
Venue	Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Significance of Venue	First time in over 40 years held outside Paris
Objective	Decide UNESCO’s policies, programmes, and budget for the upcoming biennium; strengthen multilateral cooperation in education, culture, science, and communication
Major Outcomes	Appointment of Khaled El-Enany as Director-General (first Arab, second African); Kiswahili recognised as official conference language; adoption of World Greek Language Day (9 Feb)
Theme Focus	Dialogue, cultural diversity, inclusiveness, gender equality, shared global responsibility
Previous Session	42nd Session – Paris (2023)
Next Session	2027 (likely Paris)

INDIA – NEW ZEALAND FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (FTA)

Aspect	Details
Finalised	December 2025
Background	Fast-tracked negotiations; part of India’s trade diversification strategy
Objectives	Boost bilateral trade & investment; expand market access
Key Cooperation Areas	Manufacturing, services, technology, skills, mobility, education
Strategic Importance	Economic expansion while safeguarding sensitive domestic sectors

DEFENCE & STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS

Event	Key Details
Tata WhAP 8×8	First lot handed to Royal Moroccan Army
Pakistan MILGEM	Second Turkish-built corvette PNS Khaibar commissioned
Pakistan Drone	“YIHA” drone visuals captured during Operation Sindoor
Russia – Moon NPP	Plans to build nuclear power plant on Moon by 2036
Israel Satellite	Ofek-19 spy satellite launched from Palmachim Airbase
US Hypersonic Weapon	Dark Eagle LRHW deployed during Talisman Sabre (Australia)
Turkey Bomb	Gazap unveiled – most powerful non-nuclear bomb

ENERGY, NUCLEAR & CLIMATE

Development	Details
Japan Nuclear Plant	Kashiwazaki-Kariwa restart after Fukushima (2011)
Mauna Loa Station	CO₂ monitoring station faces shutdown after 65 years
Russia Volcano	Krasheninnikov Volcano erupted after 600 years
Philippines Volcano	Taal Volcano erupted; located in Batangas
Cyclone Shakti	Intensified over Arabian Sea; name proposed by Sri Lanka

INTERNATIONAL POLITICS & DIPLOMACY

Event	Details
India–UK Relations	Focus on CETA, tech, defence, climate, education
India–Afghanistan	India upgrades Kabul mission to full embassy
Thailand–Cambodia	Ceasefire agreement signed in Kuala Lumpur
US–UNESCO	US withdraws from UNESCO again
Oman & UNESCO	Elected to MAB Council (2025–29)
Tuvalu	Joins IUCN as 90th State Member

COUNTRY-SPECIFIC CURRENT AFFAIRS

Country	Update
Maldives	First country to ban tobacco for post-2007 births; eliminated MTCT of HIV, Hep-B & syphilis
Lithuania	State of emergency due to smuggling balloons from Belarus
Mexico	Approved tariffs up to 50% on Asian imports
Cape Verde	Second smallest nation to qualify for FIFA World Cup
Peru	30-day emergency in Lima & Callao due to crime
Palau	World’s first live underwater interview using Li-Fi
Nepal	Declared rubella-free by WHO; joined IBCA

INDIA – ECONOMY, INFRASTRUCTURE & TRADE

Development	Details
Duqm Port	Expands India’s maritime options beyond Chabahar
India–EFTA FTA	Effective 1 October (Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, Liechtenstein)
India Post	Resumed US services via duty-paid system
HAL–Russia MoU	SJ-100 aircraft manufacturing in India (UDAN support)
Disaster Relief	India sent 20 tonnes relief each to Jamaica & Cuba

GEOGRAPHY & MISCELLANEOUS

Topic	Key Fact
Bondi Beach	Located near Sydney, Australia
Mexico Location	Southern North America; borders USA, Guatemala, Belize
Dardanelles Strait	Connects Aegean Sea & Sea of Marmara
Nyangai Island	Off Sierra Leone; lost two-thirds landmass
Sulawesi Earthquake	Magnitude 5.7, Indonesia

Important Bharat Bulletins

THE ARAVALLI RANGE & ARAVALLI CONFLICT

Aspect	Details
Age	One of the oldest mountain ranges in the world, older than the Himalayas
Length	~ 800 km
States Covered	Gujarat → Rajasthan → Haryana → Delhi
Highest Peak	Guru Shikhar (Mount Abu, Rajasthan)
Ecological Role	Acts as a natural barrier against desertification
Key Threats	Mining, construction, deforestation, real estate projects (Haryana, Rajasthan, Delhi-NCR)
Judicial Interventions	Supreme Court & NGT banned mining; declared parts as “deemed forests”
Government Action	Restoration & afforestation proposals
Core Issue	Weak enforcement despite legal safeguards

OPERATION HAWKEYE

Aspect	Details
Conducted By	Indian security forces
Nature	Enhanced surveillance & intelligence operation
Symbolism	Hawk-like vigilance and swift response
Objectives	Continuous aerial & ground surveillance, early threat detection, rapid response
Trigger	ISIS attack near Palmyra killing US soldiers and civilian interpreter
Purpose	Degrade ISIS capabilities & protect regional security

SIR FORM & SPECIAL INTENSIVE REVISION (SIR

Aspect	Details
Conducting Authority	Election Commission of India (ECI)
Ground Implementation	Booth Level Officers (BLOs)
Used For	Addition, correction, deletion, address update, removal of duplicates
SIR Purpose	Clean, accurate & inclusive electoral rolls
Importance	Prevents bogus voting, ensures free & fair elections
First State (2025)	Bihar
Digitisation Milestone	Rajasthan – first fully digitised voter rolls under SIR

SHYOK TUNNEL

Aspect	Details
Location	Ladakh (UT)
River	Built under Shyok River
Connectivity	Leh – Nubra Valley
Constructed By	Border Roads Organisation (BRO)
Strategic Importance	India–China border region
Purpose	All-weather connectivity; bypasses avalanche & landslide-prone stretch

OPERATION SAGAR BANDHU

Aspect	Details
Conducted By	Indian Navy
Trigger	Cyclonic Storm Ditwah in Sri Lanka
Meaning	Sagar Bandhu = “Ocean Friend”
Assets Deployed	INS Vikrant, INS Udaygiri, IAF C-130J
Relief Material	Tents, food, blankets, hygiene kits, tarpaulins
Nature	Humanitarian Assistance & Disaster Relief (HADR)

RELATED INDIAN HADR & EVACUATION OPERATIONS

Operation	Year	Purpose
Jal Rahat 2	2025	Flood relief (HP & NE India)
Brahma	2025	Earthquake relief (Myanmar)
Maitri	2015	Nepal earthquake relief
Kaveri	2023	Evacuation from Sudan
Raahat / Ganga / Samudra Setu / Dost	Various	Overseas evacuations

PROJECT VIJAYAK (BRO)

Aspect	Details
Organisation	Border Roads Organisation (BRO)
Raising Day	15th (2025)
Location	Kargil, Ladakh
Named After	Operation Vijay (1999 Kargil War)
Strategic Axes	Zojila–Kargil–Leh & Nimmu–Padam–Darcha
Importance	Western Indus Corridor connectivity

SWACHH SURVEKSHAN 2024–25

Aspect	Details
Edition	9th
Launched In	2016
Ministry	Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs
Theme	Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Nature	World’s largest urban cleanliness survey

Awards Categories

Category	Key Winners
Super Swachh League	Indore, Surat, Navi Mumbai
Top Swachh Shehar	Ahmedabad, Bhopal, Lucknow
Special Categories	Ganga towns, Cantonment boards, SafaiMitra, Mahakumbh
State Awards	34 cities awarded

CHANDRAYAAN-5 (LUPEX MISSION)

Aspect	Details
Collaboration	ISRO (India) + JAXA (Japan)
Mission Goal	Study lunar surface & subsurface for water/ice
Lander	ISRO
Rover	JAXA
Instruments	7 (ESA mass spectrometer, NASA neutron spectrometers)
Duration	100 days (extendable to 1 year)
Special Feature	Exploration of Moon’s far side
Precursor	Chandrayaan-4 (sample return mission)
Historic Milestone	Chandrayaan-3 (2023) — first soft landing at lunar south pole

Ayushman Bharat – PMJAY (7 Years)

Aspect	Details
Scheme Name	Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana
Anniversary	23 September 2025 (7 Years)
Launched	September 2018
Launch Place	Ranchi, Jharkhand
Annual Health Cover	₹5 lakh per family
Nature	World’s largest govt-funded health assurance scheme
Hospital Admissions	10.3 crore+
Treatment Value	₹1.48 lakh crore
Families Covered	12 crore
Special Beneficiaries	ASHA, Anganwadi workers, Senior citizens (70+), Gig & platform workers
Ayushman Arogya Mandirs	1.8 lakh+

New Ramsar Sites in India

Wetland Name	State
Gokul Reservoir	Bihar
Udaipur Lake	Bihar

Particular	Data
Total Ramsar Sites in India	93
Total Area Covered	13,60,719 hectares
Important Other Sites	Khichan (Phalodi), Menar (Udaipur), Rajasthan

Ramsar Convention (Wetlands)

Aspect	Details
Also Known As	Convention on Wetlands
Adopted	1971
Type	Intergovernmental treaty under UNESCO
Objective	Conservation & wise use of wetlands
Selection Criteria	1 out of 9 criteria (e.g., 20,000+ water birds)
India Ratified	1982

UNESCO Tentative List – New Indian Sites (2025)

Newly Added 7 Sites

No.	Site Name	Location
1	Deccan Traps	Maharashtra
2	St. Mary’s Island Cluster	Karnataka
3	Meghalayan Age Caves	Meghalaya
4	Naga Hill Ophiolite	Nagaland
5	Erra Matti Dibbalu	Andhra Pradesh
6	Tirumala Hills	Andhra Pradesh
7	Varkala Cliff	Kerala

Category	Number
Total Sites	69
Cultural	49
Natural	17
Mixed	3

Digital India Mission – 10 Years

Aspect	Details
Launched	2015
Ministry	Ministry of Electronics & IT (MeitY)
Achievement	India ranks 3rd globally in digital economy

130th Constitution (Amendment) Bill, 2025

Aspect	Details
Bill Name	130th Constitution (Amendment) Bill
Year	2025
Introduced By	Union Home Minister
Current Status	Referred to Joint Parliamentary Committee

Article	Applies To	Provision
Article 75	Union Ministers	Removal if detained 30 days for offence ≥5 years
Article 164	State Ministers	Similar provision, removal by Governor
Article 239AA	Delhi CM & Ministers	Removal by Lieutenant Governor
Reappointment	All	Allowed after release from custody

State-Wise CA (INDIA)

UTTAR PRADESH (UP)

Topic	Details
Rashtra Prerna Sthal	PM Narendra Modi to inaugurate in Lucknow on Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s 101st birth anniversary
Key Feature	65-ft bronze statues
Leaders Honoured	Syama Prasad Mukherjee, Deendayal Upadhyaya, Atal Bihari Vajpayee
UNESCO Recognition	Lucknow declared City of Gastronomy (2025)
Reason	Awadhi cuisine & cultural legacy

CHHATTISGARH

Topic	Details
New Ramsar Site	Kopra Jalashay (near Bilaspur)
Special Status	First Ramsar site of Chhattisgarh (2025)
Importance	Biodiversity, migratory birds, wetland conservation

RAJASTHAN

Topic	Details
Ramsar Site	Siliserh Lake
Location	Alwar, Rajasthan

MAHARASHTRA

Topic	Details
Raisin Research Centre	Sangli under Shivaji University, Kolhapur
Blue Flag Beaches	Shrivardhan, Nagaon, Parnaka, Guhagar, Ladghar
Significance	Environmental excellence & sustainable tourism

MADHYA PRADESH (MP)

Topic	Details
Wildlife-Safe Highway	India’s first on NH-45 (table-top red markings)
Cheetah Habitat	Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary
Existing Cheetah Sites	Kuno NP, Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary
Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve	To be developed as cheetah habitat
Health Campaign	‘Swasth Nari, Sashakt Parivar’ Abhiyaan launched in Dhar
Textile Boost	PM Mitra Park inaugurated in Dhar
Focus Area	Maheshwari sarees, women empowerment
Clean Air	Indore topped Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2025

KARNATAKA

Topic	Details
Defence Facility	New MRO facility near Bengaluru
Companies	Tata Advanced Systems & Lockheed Martin
Aircraft	C-130J Hercules
Objective	Defence readiness & Make in India

NEW DELHI / NCR

Topic	Details
Defence Symposium	India’s first Tri-Services Academia Technology Symposium (T-SATS)
Electronics Manufacturing	India’s first tempered glass factory in Noida
Fastest Train	Namo Bharat (160 km/h)
Route	Delhi–Meerut RRTS
Postal Innovation	First Gen-Z themed campus post office at IIT Delhi

TELANGANA

Topic	Details
Aviation Facility	India’s first global aircraft engine MRO
Location	Hyderabad
Impact	Aerospace growth & employment

KERALA

Topic	Details
Social Milestone	First Indian state to be free of extreme poverty
Declaration Date	1 November

GOA

Topic	Details
Ayurveda Day	10th Ayurveda Day
Date	23 September 2025
Theme	“Ayurveda for People & Planet”
Venue	AIIA

HIMACHAL PRADESH

Topic	Details
UNESCO Recognition	Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve added
Literacy	4th fully literate Indian state
Others Fully Literate	Tripura, Mizoram, Goa

LADAKH

Topic	Details
Astronomical Event	3rd Star Party
Location	Hanle Dark Sky Reserve

HARYANA

Topic	Details
Tourism & Wildlife	Asia’s largest jungle safari planned
Location	Aravalli Hills
Objective	Wildlife conservation & tourism

TAMIL NADU

Topic	Details
Conservation Centre	Hornbill Conservation Centre
Location	Anamalai Tiger Reserve
Dugong Reserve	India’s first Dugong Conservation Reserve
Location	Palk Bay
Year	2022

JHARKHAND

Topic	Details
Tourism Initiative	India’s first Mining Tourism Project
Purpose	Educational & cultural tourism

BIHAR

Topic	Details
Ramsar Site	Gogabeel Lake
Rail Innovation	Asia’s longest freight train ‘Rudrastra’
Length	4.5 km
Wagons	345
Trade Agreement	India-UK Free Trade Agreement (CETA)
Signing Occasion	PM Modi’s UK visit (July 24, 2025)

Important Ranks

GLOBAL CLIMATE RISK INDEX (CRI)

Aspect	Details
Index Name	Climate Risk Index (CRI)
Published By	Germanwatch
Started In	2006
Latest Release Mentioned	CRI 2026
Released At	COP30, Belém, Brazil
Purpose	Tracks human & economic impacts of extreme weather events

Most Affected Countries (Historical)

Country	Notable Event
Dominica	Repeated extreme climate disasters
Myanmar	Cyclone Nargis (2008) – ~1,40,000 deaths
Honduras	Severe storms & floods
Libya	Climate-linked instability

India in Climate Risk Index 2025

Indicator	Rank
Long-term Rank	9th most affected
Annual Rank (2024 data)	15th

GINI INDEX 2025

Aspect	Details
Released By	World Bank
Developed By	Corrado Gini (1912)
Measures	Income inequality
Interpretation	Lower value = more equality

Country-wise Gini Index (2025)

Country	Gini Index
India	25.5
China	35.7
United States	41.8

| Key Highlight | India ranked 4th most equal country globally |

GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX (GII) 2025

Aspect	Details
Edition	38th
Published By	World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
India’s Rank	38th
India’s Strength	Knowledge outputs
Income Group Lead	Lower-middle-income economies

Top 5 Countries – GII 2025

Rank	Country	Score
1	Switzerland	66
2	Sweden	62.6
3	United States	61.7
4	Republic of Korea	60
5	Singapore	59.8

7 Pillars of Global Innovation Index

Pillars
Institutions
Human Capital & Research
Infrastructure
Market Sophistication
Business Sophistication
Knowledge & Technology Outputs
Creative Outputs

GLOBAL PEACE INDEX (GPI) 2025

Aspect	Details
Edition	19th
Released By	Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP)
Indicators Used	23

Top 5 Peaceful Countries

Rank	Country	Score	Region
1	Iceland	1.095	Europe
2	Ireland	1.126	Europe
3	New Zealand	1.282	Oceania
4	Austria	1.294	Europe
5	Switzerland	1.294	Europe

India in Global Peace Index 2025

Country	Rank	Score
India	115	2.229

3 Core Domains of GPI

Domains
Societal Safety & Security
Ongoing Domestic & International Conflict
Degree of Militarisation

Important Conference

G20 SUMMIT 2025

Aspect	Details
Edition	20th G20 Summit
Year	2025
Host City	Johannesburg
Host Country	South Africa
Historic Significance	First G20 Summit hosted on the African continent
Theme	“Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability”
Focus	Global South priorities, inclusive growth

G20 Johannesburg Leaders’ Declaration

Feature	Details
Length	122 paragraphs
Key Focus Areas	Climate action, multilateral reforms, equitable global governance
Outcome	Consensus adopted by all member nations

25TH SCO (SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANISATION) SUMMIT

Aspect	Details
Summit	25th SCO Heads of State Council
Date	August 31, 2025
Venue	Tianjin, China
India’s Participation	PM Narendra Modi
Host Country	China (5th time hosting)
Theme	“Upholding the Shanghai Spirit: SCO on the Move”

About SCO

Aspect	Details
Established	2001
Origin	Shanghai Five (1996)
Headquarters	Beijing, China

Key Focus Areas (2025)

Focus
10-year Development Strategy (2025–2035)
Review of 25 years of SCO
Regional security & counter-terrorism cooperation

17TH BRICS SUMMIT

Aspect	Details
Summit	17th BRICS Leaders’ Summit
Host City	Rio de Janeiro
Host Country	Brazil
India’s Participation	PM Narendra Modi
Declaration	Rio de Janeiro Declaration

History of BRICS

Year	Development
2006	BRICS launched (Brazil, Russia, India, China)
2011	South Africa joined
2025	Indonesia joined (8 January 2025)

| Previous Summit | 16th BRICS – Kazan, Russia |
| Future Chairmanship | India will chair BRICS in 2026 |
| Next Hosted By India | 18th BRICS Summit (2026) |

BRICS Members (2025)

Members
Brazil
Russia
India
China
South Africa
Egypt
Ethiopia
Indonesia
Iran
UAE

IMPORTANT GLOBAL CONFERENCES & SUMMITS

COP SUMMITS

Conference	Year	Host
COP31	2026	Turkey (Australia to lead negotiations)
COP32	2027	Ethiopia (confirmation awaited)

UNESCO & EARTH SUMMIT

Event	Details
UNESCO MAB Council	Oman elected for 2025–2029
Event	43rd UNESCO General Conference
Venue	Samarkand, Uzbekistan

EARTH Summit 2025

Aspect	Details
Location	Gandhinagar, India
Key Figure	Amit Shah
Initiative	Sahakar Sarathi
Outcome	13+ digital cooperative services
New Schemes	Cooperative taxi & insurance
Objective	Boost rural economy

TECHNOLOGY & AI

Summit	Details
AI Summit 2026	Logo unveiled in New Delhi
Symbolism	Ashoka Chakra + neural flares
Focus	Ethical AI, innovation, inclusiveness

SECURITY & MARITIME SUMMITS

Landlocked Developing Countries Conference

Aspect	Details
Event	3rd UN Conference on LLDCs
Location	Awaza, Turkmenistan

Maritime Security Dialogue

Aspect	Details
Countries	India – Norway
Venue	Oslo
Focus	Non-proliferation, maritime law, regional security

Aspect	Details
4th Summit	Rome (11–12 Sept 2025)
India’s Role	Participant & bidder
5th Summit	India to host in Chennai (2027)
Significance	ICG Golden Jubilee

Important Govt. Scheme

Key Government Schemes & Initiatives (2025)

Scheme / Initiative	Launch / Duration	Objective / Purpose	Key Features / Highlights	Implementing Agency / Notes
VB-GRAM (2025)	2025	Modernize rural employment system, guarantee wage work	125 days statutory wage employment per rural household; tech-enabled decentralized planning (VGPPs); integrated with PM Gati Shakti; unemployment allowance if work not provided within 15 days	Centrally Sponsored Scheme; builds on MGNREGA legacy
UDAN Scheme (Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik)	21 Oct 2016 (10-year celebration in 2025)	Enhance regional connectivity and air travel	649 operational routes; 1.56 crore passengers; ₹4,638 crore invested in regional airports; ₹4,300 crore Viability Gap Funding (VGF)	Ministry of Civil Aviation
Global Solar Initiative (ISA 2025)	2025	Promote solar energy, inclusive green transition	Platforms: SUNRISE (global solar grid), OSOWOG (solar waste upcycling), GCC, SIDS Platform (joint procurement for island nations); GSS Global Capability Centre (R&D & innovation)	International Solar Alliance (ISA); President Murmu highlighted people-first solar revolution
Children in India Report 2025	25 Sept 2025	Assess child welfare & development	4th edition; 7 chapters: Population, Health, Education, Crime, Policy & SDGs	Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MoSPI)
NARI Report 2025	2025	Assess women’s empowerment & development	Jaipur among lowest-performing cities; top-performing cities: Kohima, Visakhapatnam, Bhubaneswar, Aizawl, Gangtok, Itanagar, Mumbai	PValue Analytics; NCW
DHRUVA	2025	Digitize addresses for efficient service delivery	Address as a Service (AaaS); secure validated digital IDs	Ministry of Electronics & IT
PM SETU Scheme	2025	Upgrade ITIs to industry-ready standards	₹60,000 crore investment; 1,000 ITIs across India including Bihar	Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship
Goa’s “Mhaje Ghar”	2025	Provide ownership rights to residents	Regularize houses on government & community land	Launched by Amit Shah, Goa government
PM Dhan Dhaanya Krishi Yojana & Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses	12 Oct 2025	Boost agriculture & pulse self-reliance	Projects worth ₹42,000 crore in agriculture & allied sectors	PM GatiShakti framework
PM GatiShakti	2021 (4th anniversary in 2025)	Integrated multimodal infrastructure planning	Multi-ministry & multi-state connectivity; infrastructure modernization	Ministry of Commerce & Industry
Jal Jeevan Mission	2025	Ensure tap water access	15.71 crore rural households covered; 80% coverage; focus on sustainability & district-level governance	Ministry of Jal Shakti
Fare Se Fursat	2025	Fixed airfare scheme for domestic flights	Inaugurated by Minister of Civil Aviation	Ministry of Civil Aviation
CM Flight Initiative (Assam)	2025	Enable global career opportunities for youth	Training, placements, exposure programs	Assam CM & State Govt
‘We Rise’ Initiative	2025	Empower women-led MSMEs	Mentorship, trade access, global market support	NITI Aayog & DP World
NAVYA Scheme	June 2025	Empower adolescent girls	Training in digital marketing, cybersecurity, life skills; promote self-reliance	MSDE & MWCD
NAMASTE Scheme	2025	Promote social justice & empowerment	No specific highlights mentioned	Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment
PM SVANidhi Scheme (restructured)	2025	Strengthen urban livelihoods & digital inclusion	Loan tranches enhanced; UPI-linked RuPay cards; extended till March 2030	Union Cabinet
Shramashree Scheme (West Bengal)	2025	Support returning migrant workers	Assistance to workers facing harassment outside the State	West Bengal Govt

Books And Authors

Author / Personality	Book Title	Theme / Highlights	Publisher / Notes	Release Date
DY Chandrachud	Why the Constitution Matters	Explores the role of constitutional values in shaping Indian society and everyday life	–	2025
Arundhati Roy	Memoir on Mother Mary (Mary Roy)	Reflections on her mother’s life; personal and family memoir	–	2025
Anupam Kher	Different But No Less	Life challenges, inspiration from real-life experiences, film-making journey (Tanvi)	–	2025
Mohar Basu	Salman Khan: The Sultan of Bollywood	Biography of Salman Khan; career insights and Bollywood journey	HarperCollins India	20 Dec 2025
Shikhar Dhawan	The One: Cricket, My Life and More	Autobiography detailing cricket career, personal life, and achievements	–	2025

Festivals

Festival / Event	Location	Dates	Highlights / Significance	Notes
Vigyanika: Science Literature Festival 2025	New Delhi	8–9 Dec 2025	Part of India International Science Festival (IISF); promotes science and literature	–
Charaichung Festival	Majuli, Assam	2025 (recently)	Revives Asia’s first protected royal bird sanctuary; celebrates local culture and biodiversity	Asia’s first protected bird sanctuary
26th Hornbill Festival	Kisama, Kohima, Nagaland	1–10 Dec 2025	Celebrates Naga traditions, music, dance, crafts, and cuisine	Switzerland & Ireland announced as country partners for 2025 edition
Raulane Festival	Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh	2025	Winter celebration with sacred dances, masked rituals, and centuries-old folklore	Held at Nagin Narayan temple

GI Tags

Product / Item	State	GI Tag Details / Significance	Notes
Ambaji Marble	Gujarat	Recognized for its milky white beauty and historic value; boosts export potential and supports local artisans	–
Tungbuk & Pumtong Pulit (Lepcha Instruments)	Sikkim	GI registration strengthens cultural identity and livelihoods of the Lepcha community	–

Important Operations

Operation Name	Type / Sector	Key Details / Achievements	Agencies / Participants
Operation Rahat	Disaster Relief	Rescued 6,000 people, provided medical aid to 13,000, restored infrastructure in flood-hit Punjab, Himachal, J&K	Indian Army
Operation Swarna	Environmental / River Restoration	Large-scale restoration & protection of Swarnamukhi River in Tirupati	Tirupati Urban Development Authority (TUDA)
Operation Mahadev	Counter-terrorism	Neutralised 3 high-value terrorists including mastermind of April 22 Pahalgam attack	Indian Army (Para SF), CRPF, J&K Police
Operation Akhand Prahar	Military Readiness	Showcased multi-domain war readiness; led by RUDRA Brigade	Indian Army
Operation Ayni	International Military Support	Assisted Ayni Air Base in Tajikistan; India’s operation concluded after running base since 2002	Indian Defence Forces
Operation Muskaan-XI	Child Rescue / Social	Rescued children from exploitative and hazardous conditions across Telangana (1–31 July 2025)	State Police & Child Welfare Agencies
Operation ShivShakti	Counter-infiltration	Eliminated 2 terrorists attempting LoC infiltration	Indian Army
Operation Alert	Border Security	High-intensity security drive along Rajasthan border before Independence Day 2025	BSF
Operation Shiva 2025	Amarnath Yatra Security	Ensured safety of pilgrims using soldiers, drones, medical teams	Indian Army
Operation Kalanemi	Anti-Fraud / Religious Misuse	Action against fake saints cheating people in Uttarakhand	State Government of Uttarakhand
Operation Melon 2025	Anti-Narcotics	Busted international darknet drug racket; recovered LSD, Ketamine, cryptocurrency	Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)

Important Projects

Project Name	Sector / Domain	Key Details	Implementing / Organising Body
EKAM AI & SAMBHAV	Defence Technology / AI	Indian Army showcased indigenous technologies under Ekam AI and SAMBHAV during Vijay Diwas celebrations	Indian Army
Project Mausam	Culture / Maritime Heritage	National Workshop titled “Islands at the Crossroads of Maritime Networks within the Indian Ocean Region” organised to highlight India’s historical maritime connections	Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)
Project Mahadeva	Sports Development / Grassroots Talent	Selects 30 boys and 30 girls (Under-13) for five-year football scholarships; 60 children to train with Lionel Messi at GOAT Football Clinic	Sports Development Authorities / Project Mahadeva Team