English Vocabulary

1. OPPROBRIUM

Meaning: Severe public criticism or disgrace
Hindi: निंदा, अपमान, बदनामी

Synonyms

Censure — कठोर निंदा
Condemnation — निंदा
Reproach — दोषारोपण/फटकार
Vituperation — तीखी गाली/निंदा
Denunciation — सार्वजनिक निंदा
Disgrace — अपमान
Ignominy — घोर अपमान

Antonyms

Commendation
Praise
Acclaim
Applause
Approval

Memory Trick

Opprobrium = Opposition + Bad reputation → किसी व्यक्ति के खिलाफ इतनी निंदा कि उसकी reputation खराब हो जाए।

Expected Question

Q. Choose the word nearest in meaning to OPPROBRIUM.

A) Acclaim
B) Censure
C) Affection
D) Approval

Answer: B) Censure

2. PORTEND

Meaning: To be a sign or warning that something, especially something unpleasant, is likely to happen
Hindi: संकेत देना, पूर्वसूचना देना

Synonyms

Presage
Foretell
Foreshadow
Augur
Herald
Prophesy
Predict
Adumbrate - संकेत/रूपरेखा देना

Antonyms

Contradict
Disprove
Negate

Memory Trick

Portend = Preview of an event अगर dark clouds दिख रहे हैं → they portend rain.

Expected Question

Q. The sudden fall in the company's profits may PORTEND a financial crisis.

PORTEND means:

A) Conceal
B) Prevent
C) Foreshadow
D) Celebrate

Answer: C) Foreshadow

3. PREVARICATE

Meaning: To avoid giving a direct answer; to speak evasively
Hindi: टालमटोल करना, गोलमोल जवाब देना

Synonyms

Equivocate
Evade
Hedge
Dodge
Falter
Be evasive
Dissemble
Palter

Antonyms

Be candid
Be forthright
Be explicit
Be straightforward
Clarify

Important Difference

Prevaricate ≠ Lie exactly. Prevaricate का मतलब अक्सर सीधा जवाब देने से बचना / गोलमोल बात करना है।

Expected Question

Q. Instead of answering the question directly, the politician continued to PREVARICATE.

A) Clarify
B) Evade
C) Explain
D) Confirm

Answer: B) Evade

4. OSTENSIBLE

Meaning: Appearing or claimed to be true, but possibly not actually true
Hindi: दिखावटी, प्रत्यक्ष रूप से दिखाई देने वाला

Synonyms

Apparent
Seeming
Supposed
Purported
Professed
Avowed
Pretended

Antonyms

Genuine
Actual
Real
Authentic
Undisguised

Important Exam Point

Ostensible reason = जो reason ऊपर से/दिखने में reason है, लेकिन असली reason कुछ और हो सकता है।

Example: His ostensible reason for leaving the company was better opportunities. अर्थात जो reason उसने बताया/जो दिखाई दे रहा है, वह जरूरी नहीं कि

Expected Question

Q. Choose the word nearest in meaning to OSTENSIBLE.

A) Genuine
B) Apparent
C) Authentic
D) Actual

Answer: B) Apparent

5. ABSTRUSE

Meaning: Difficult to understand, especially because of being complicated
Hindi: दुरूह, जटिल, समझने में कठिन

Synonyms

Esoteric
Arcane
Recondite
Obscure
Cryptic
Unintelligible
Incomprehensible

Antonyms

Clear
Simple
Lucid
Obvious
Comprehensible

Exam trap

Abstruse = difficult to understand
Obtuse = slow/dull in understanding

6. RECONDITE

Meaning: Very obscure and difficult to understand; known by very few people
Hindi: गूढ़, दुर्बोध

Synonyms

Abstruse
Esoteric
Arcane
Profound
Obscure
Cryptic

Antonyms

Simple
Familiar
Obvious
Accessible

Expected

RECONDITE :

A) Mundane
B) Obscure
C) Obvious
D) Familiar

Answer: B) Obscure

7. ESOTERIC

Meaning: Intended for or understood by only a small group with specialized knowledge
Hindi: गूढ़/विशेषज्ञों तक सीमित

Synonyms

Arcane
Recondite
Abstruse
Cryptic
Obscure

Antonyms

Common
Popular
Public
Accessible
Universal

Example: The professor's lecture was highly esoteric.

8. ARCANE

Meaning: Known or understood by very few people
Hindi: गूढ़, रहस्यमय, दुर्लभ ज्ञान वाला

Synonyms

Esoteric
Recondite
Abstruse
Obscure
Cryptic
Mysterious

Antonym

Familiar
Common
Well-known

Expected

ARCANE is closest in meaning to:

A) Ordinary
B) Obscure
C) Popular
D) Transparent

Answer: B) Obscure

9. PERNICIOUS

Meaning: Having a harmful effect, especially gradually
Hindi: हानिकारक, विनाशकारी

Synonyms

Deleterious
Detrimental
Noxious
Baneful
Maleficent
Destructive
Harmful

Antonyms

Beneficial
Salutary
Wholesome
Advantageous

Exam-level pair

Pernicious ↔ Salutary

Pernicious = Harmful
Salutary = Beneficial

10. INIMICAL

Meaning: Harmful; hostile or unfriendly
Hindi: प्रतिकूल, शत्रुतापूर्ण

Synonyms

Hostile
Antagonistic
Adverse
Detrimental
Harmful
Unfriendly

Antonyms

Friendly
Benevolent
Favorable
Amicable

Example: Smoking is inimical to good health.

11. UBIQUITOUS

Meaning: Present, appearing, or found everywhere
Hindi: सर्वव्यापी

Synonyms

Omnipresent
Pervasive
Universal
Prevalent
Widespread
Ever-present

Antonym

Rare
Scarce
Uncommon

Expected

UBIQUITOUS means:

A) Extremely rare
B) Present everywhere
C) Completely absent
D) Difficult to find

Answer: B

12. PERFUNCTORY

Meaning: Done with little care, interest, or effort
Hindi: औपचारिकता मात्र, बिना रुचि/ध्यान के किया गया

Synonyms

Superficial
Cursory
Hasty
Mechanical
Casual
Token

Antonyms

Thorough
Meticulous
Careful
Diligent

Example

He gave the report only a perfunctory review. = उसने report को बस औपचारिकता के लिए जल्दी-जल्दी देखा।

13. LACONIC

Meaning: Using very few words
Hindi: कम शब्दों में बोलने वाला

Synonyms

Terse
Concise
Curt
Brief
Succinct
Pithy

Antonyms

Verbose
Garrulous
Loquacious
Talkative

Important distinction

Laconic → few words
Verbose → too many words
Garrulous → excessively talkative
Terse → brief, sometimes seeming rude

14. GARRULOUS

Meaning: Excessively talkative
Hindi: बहुत ज्यादा बोलने वाला

Synonyms

Loquacious
Talkative
Voluble
Prolix
Verbose

Antonyms

Taciturn
Reticent
Laconic
Terse

Expected

GARRULOUS :

A) Taciturn
B) Loquacious
C) Reserved
D) Silent

Answer: B) Loquacious

15. TACITURN

Meaning: Habitually reserved or uncommunicative
Hindi: कम बोलने वाला, चुप रहने वाला

Synonyms

Reticent
Laconic
Reserved
Uncommunicative
Silent
Terse

Antonyms

Garrulous
Loquacious
Voluble
Talkative

QUICK REVISION

Word	Exact Meaning	Best Synonym
Opprobrium	Severe criticism/disgrace	Censure
Portend	Give warning/sign of future	Foreshadow
Prevaricate	Avoid direct answer	Equivocate
Ostensible	Apparently true	Apparent
Abstruse	Difficult to understand	Esoteric
Recondite	Obscure/difficult	Abstruse
Esoteric	Understood by few	Arcane
Arcane	Known by few	Esoteric
Pernicious	Harmful	Deleterious
Inimical	Hostile/harmful	Adverse
Ubiquitous	Present everywhere	Omnipresent
Perfunctory	Done without care	Cursory
Laconic	Using few words	Terse
Garrulous	Excessively talkative	Loquacious
Taciturn	Habitually quiet	Reticent

सबसे जरूरी Synonym Chains

Opprobrium → Censure → Reproach → Condemnation → Denunciation

Portend → Presage → Foreshadow → Augur → Herald

Prevaricate → Equivocate → Evade → Hedge → Dissemble

Ostensible → Apparent → Seeming → Purported → Supposed

Abstruse → Esoteric → Recondite → Arcane → Obscure

Pernicious → Deleterious → Detrimental → Noxious → Baneful

Laconic → Terse → Succinct → Concise → Pithy

Garrulous → Loquacious → Voluble → Verbose → Prolix

16. PUSILLANIMOUS

Meaning: Lacking courage; cowardly
Hindi: डरपोक, कायर

Synonyms

Timid
Cowardly
Craven
Faint-hearted
Timorous
Dastardly

Antonyms

Courageous
Valiant
Intrepid
Dauntless

Memory: Pusillanimous = Push se bhi darr jaye → cowardly 😄

Expected Question: PUSILLANIMOUS means:

A) Brave
B) Cowardly
C) Generous
D) Intelligent

Answer: B

17. OBDURATE

Meaning: Stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion; hard-hearted

Hindi: हठी, कठोर हृदय वाला

Synonyms

Stubborn
Obstinate
Adamant
Inflexible
Unyielding
Implacable

Antonyms

Flexible
Yielding
Amenable
Compliant

Important: Obdurate = mentally stubborn OR emotionally hard-hearted

18. MENDACIOUS

Meaning: Dishonest; untruthful

Hindi: झूठा, असत्यवादी

Synonyms

Deceitful
Dishonest
Untruthful
False
Fraudulent
Duplicitous

Antonyms

Truthful
Veracious
Honest
Sincere

Expected Question

MENDACIOUS :

A) Honest
B) Truthful
C) Deceitful
D) Loyal

Answer: C

19. ASSIDUOUS

Meaning: Showing great care and perseverance

Hindi: मेहनती और लगातार प्रयास करने वाला

Synonyms

Diligent
Industrious
Sedulous
Hardworking
Persevering

Antonyms

Lazy
Indolent
Negligent
Slothful

Synonym Chain: Assiduous → Diligent → Industrious → Sedulous

20. INTRANSIGENT

Meaning: Unwilling to change one's views or compromise

Hindi: अड़ियल, समझौता न करने वाला

Synonyms

Uncompromising
Inflexible
Adamant
Obstinate
Obdurate

Antonyms

Flexible
Amenable
Accommodating
Compliant

Exam Difference

Word	Meaning
Obdurate	Extremely stubborn/hard-hearted
Intransigent	Refuses compromise
Recalcitrant	Resists authority/rules

21. PARSIMONIOUS

Meaning: Extremely unwilling to spend money

Hindi: कंजूस

Synonyms

Stingy
Miserly
Penurious
Frugal
Avaricious*

Important: Avaricious primarily means greedy, not simply economical.

Antonyms

Generous
Liberal
Munificent
Lavish

Exam trap: Parsimonious ≠ Prudent

Parsimonious = unnecessarily unwilling to spend.

22. SYCOPHANTIC

Meaning: Excessively flattering powerful people for personal gain

Hindi: चापलूस

Synonyms

Obsequious
Servile
Fawning
Flattering
Toadying

Related Noun

Sycophant = A flatterer / bootlicker

Antonyms

Independent
Frank
Forthright

23. SUPERCILIOUS

Meaning: Behaving as if one is superior to others

Hindi: घमंडी, दूसरों को नीचा समझने वाला

Synonyms

Arrogant
Haughty
Conceited
Condescending
Snobbish

Antonyms

Humble
Modest
Unassuming

Supercilious = Arrogance + looking down on others

24. TRENCHANT

Meaning: Sharp, forceful, and effective

Hindi: तीखा और प्रभावशाली

Synonyms

Incisive
Cutting
Sharp
Caustic
Penetrating
Forceful

Example

A trenchant criticism of the policy. = बहुत sharp और प्रभावी criticism.

25. PERFIDIOUS

Meaning: Deceitful and untrustworthy; betraying trust

Hindi: विश्वासघाती

Synonyms

Treacherous
Disloyal
Faithless
Deceitful
Traitorous

Antonyms

Loyal
Faithful
Trustworthy
Dependable

Perfidious = Treacherous

26. MAGNANIMOUS

Meaning: Very generous and forgiving, especially towards a defeated rival

Hindi: उदार और क्षमाशील

Synonyms

Generous
Benevolent
Noble
Forgiving
Munificent

Antonyms

Petty
Vindictive
Mean
Spiteful

Memory: Magnanimous = Magnificent + generous attitude

27. RECALCITRANT

Meaning: Stubbornly resisting authority or control

Hindi: आदेश न मानने वाला, विद्रोही

Synonyms

Defiant
Unruly
Rebellious
Obstinate
Insubordinate

Antonyms

Obedient
Compliant
Submissive

Expected Question

A RECALCITRANT employee is one who:

A) Obeys orders willingly
B) Resists authority
C) Works efficiently
D) Is highly intelligent

Answer: B

28. DELETERIOUS

Meaning: Causing harm or damage

Hindi: हानिकारक

Synonyms

Pernicious
Detrimental
Injurious
Noxious
Harmful

Antonyms

Beneficial
Salutary
Advantageous

याद रखो:

Pernicious = Deleterious = Detrimental

29. AMBIGUOUS

Meaning: Having more than one possible meaning; unclear

Hindi: अस्पष्ट, दो अर्थ वाला

Synonyms

Vague
Equivocal
Obscure
Unclear
Indefinite

Antonyms

Clear
Explicit
Unambiguous
Definite

Exam Trap

Word	Meaning
Ambiguous	More than one possible meaning
Vague	Not clear
Equivocal	Deliberately unclear / open to interpretation

30. EQUIVOCAL

Meaning: Open to more than one interpretation; deliberately ambiguous

Hindi: गोलमोल, अस्पष्ट

Synonyms

Ambiguous
Vague
Uncertain
Evasive
Noncommittal

Antonyms

Explicit
Clear
Unequivocal
Definite

Connection: Prevaricate → Equivocate → Give an Equivocal answer बहुत important chain है!

31. SAGACIOUS

Meaning: Having good judgment; wise

Hindi: बुद्धिमान और विवेकपूर्ण

Synonyms

Wise
Judicious
Shrewd
Astute
Prudent
Discerning

Antonyms

Foolish
Unwise
Imprudent

32. ASTUTE

Meaning: Clever and quick to understand situations

Hindi: चतुर, सूझबूझ वाला

Synonyms

Shrewd
Sagacious
Clever
Perceptive
Discerning

Antonyms

Naive
Gullible
Foolish

33. PERSPICACIOUS

VERY IMPORTANT TOUGH WORD

Meaning: Having a ready insight and understanding

Hindi: बहुत तेज समझ वाला

Synonyms

Perceptive
Insightful
Discerning
Astute
Sagacious

Don't confuse:

Word	Meaning
Perspicacious	Quick to understand
Perspicuous	Clear and easy to understand

यह exam में direct trap बन सकता है।

34. IMPETUOUS

Meaning: Acting quickly without thinking carefully

Hindi: आवेगी, जल्दबाजी में काम करने वाला

Synonyms

Impulsive
Rash
Hasty
Reckless
Precipitate

Antonyms

Cautious
Prudent
Deliberate

35. PRAGMATIC

Meaning: Dealing with problems practically rather than theoretically

Hindi: व्यावहारिक

Synonyms

Practical
Realistic
Sensible
Rational

Antonyms

Idealistic
Impractical
Unrealistic

MASTER REVISION TABLE

Word	Meaning	Closest Synonym
Pusillanimous	Cowardly	Timid
Obdurate	Stubborn	Adamant
Mendacious	Dishonest	Deceitful
Assiduous	Hardworking	Diligent
Intransigent	Unwilling to compromise	Uncompromising
Parsimonious	Extremely stingy	Miserly
Sycophantic	Excessively flattering	Obsequious
Supercilious	Arrogantly superior	Haughty
Trenchant	Sharp and forceful	Incisive
Perfidious	Treacherous	Faithless
Magnanimous	Generous/forgiving	Benevolent
Recalcitrant	Resisting authority	Defiant
Deleterious	Harmful	Pernicious
Ambiguous	Having multiple meanings	Equivocal
Equivocal	Deliberately unclear	Ambiguous
Sagacious	Wise	Judicious
Astute	Clever and perceptive	Shrewd
Perspicacious	Insightful	Perceptive
Impetuous	Acting without thinking	Rash
Pragmatic	Practical	Realistic

36. ABSTEMIOUS

Meaning: Moderate and self-controlled, especially in eating and drinking
Hindi: संयमी, विशेषकर खाने-पीने में

Synonyms

Temperate
Moderate
Restrained
Self-disciplined
Ascetic

Antonyms

Gluttonous
Intemperate
Indulgent

Abstemious = Abstain करने वाला

37. ABJURE

Meaning: To formally give up or reject a belief, claim, or practice
Hindi: त्याग देना, औपचारिक रूप से छोड़ना

Synonyms

Renounce
Relinquish
Forsake
Repudiate
Disavow

Antonyms

Accept
Embrace
Adopt

Expected Question

ABJURE means:

A) Accept
B) Renounce
C) Support
D) Praise

Answer: B) Renounce

38. APOCRYPHAL

Meaning: Of doubtful authenticity; probably not true

Hindi: संदिग्ध सत्यता वाला, संभवतः काल्पनिक

Synonyms

Unverified
Doubtful
Fictitious
Unsubstantiated
Questionable

Antonyms

Authentic
Genuine
Verified

Exam trap: Apocryphal = doubtful truth

39. BELLICOSE

Meaning: Demonstrating an aggressive willingness to fight

Hindi: लड़ाकू, युद्धप्रिय

Synonyms

Belligerent
Aggressive
Hostile
Combative
Pugnacious
Warlike

Antonyms

Peaceful
Pacifistic
Conciliatory

Synonym Chain: Bellicose → Belligerent → Pugnacious → Combative

40. CALUMNY

Meaning: A false statement intended to damage someone's reputation

Hindi: झूठा आरोप, बदनामी

Synonyms

Slander
Defamation
Libel
Vilification

Antonyms

Praise
Commendation
Eulogy

Important:

Word	Meaning
Calumny	False accusation damaging reputation
Slander	Spoken defamation
Libel	Written defamation

41. COGENT

Meaning: Clear, logical, and convincing

Hindi: तर्कपूर्ण और प्रभावशाली

Synonyms

Convincing
Persuasive
Compelling
Logical
Forceful

Antonyms

Weak
Illogical
Unconvincing

Expected Question

COGENT argument means:

A) Weak argument
B) Convincing argument
C) Emotional argument
D) Confusing argument

Answer: B

42. DIFFIDENT

Meaning: Modest or lacking confidence in oneself

Hindi: आत्मविश्वास की कमी वाला, संकोची

Synonyms

Shy
Timid
Reserved
Hesitant
Self-doubting

Antonyms

Confident
Assertive
Bold

Don't confuse:

Diffident ≠ Defiant

Diffident = lacking confidence
Defiant = openly resisting authority

43. ENERVATE

Meaning: To weaken or drain energy

Hindi: कमजोर करना, शक्ति कम करना

Synonyms

Weaken
Debilitate
Exhaust
Enfeeble
Sap

Antonyms

Strengthen
Energize
Invigorate

Important: Enervate = Make weak

44. FASTIDIOUS

Meaning: Very attentive to detail; difficult to please

Hindi: बहुत बारीकी से ध्यान देने वाला

Synonyms

Meticulous
Scrupulous
Particular
Exacting
Punctilious

Antonyms

Careless
Negligent
Sloppy

Example

A fastidious editor checks every detail.

45. FATUOUS

Meaning: Silly and pointless; lacking intelligence

Hindi: मूर्खतापूर्ण

Synonyms

Foolish
Idiotic
Inane
Vacuous
Senseless

Antonyms

Intelligent
Sensible
Sagacious

46. IMMUTABLE

Meaning: Unable to be changed

Hindi: अपरिवर्तनीय

Synonyms

Unchangeable
Permanent
Fixed
Constant
Invariable

Antonyms

Changeable
Mutable
Variable

Important Pair: Immutable ↔ Mutable

47. INEXORABLE

Meaning: Impossible to stop or prevent; relentless

Hindi: जिसे रोका न जा सके

Synonyms

Relentless
Unstoppable
Inevitable
Unyielding
Remorseless

Antonyms

Flexible
Stoppable
Yielding

Example

The inexorable passage of time. = समय का लगातार आगे बढ़ना, जिसे रोका नहीं जा सकता।

48. LUGUBRIOUS

Meaning: Looking or sounding sad and dismal

Hindi: उदास और शोकपूर्ण

Synonyms

Mournful
Doleful
Gloomy
Melancholy
Woeful

Antonyms

Cheerful
Joyful
Jubilant

Memory: Lugubrious = Looks gloomy

49. OBFUSCATE

Meaning: To deliberately make something unclear or difficult to understand

Hindi: किसी बात को जानबूझकर अस्पष्ट बनाना

Synonyms

Confuse
Obscure
Complicate
Cloud
Bewilder

Antonyms

Clarify
Explain
Elucidate

Very Important Chain:

Obfuscate = Make unclear
Elucidate = Make clear

50. PROCLIVITY

Meaning: A natural tendency or inclination towards something

Hindi: झुकाव, प्रवृत्ति

Synonyms

Inclination
Tendency
Predilection
Propensity
Disposition

Example

He has a proclivity for taking risks. = उसे जोखिम लेने की प्रवृत्ति है।

51. QUIXOTIC

Meaning: Extremely idealistic but impractical

Hindi: अव्यावहारिक रूप से आदर्शवादी

Synonyms

Idealistic
Unrealistic
Impractical
Romantic
Visionary

Antonyms

Pragmatic
Realistic
Practical

Important Pair:

Word	Meaning
Quixotic	Idealistic but impractical
Pragmatic	Practical and realistic

52. SANGUINE

Meaning: Optimistic and positive, especially in a difficult situation

Hindi: आशावादी

Synonyms

Optimistic
Hopeful
Confident
Positive

Antonyms

Pessimistic
Gloomy
Despondent

Exam Note: Sanguine का एक दूसरा अर्थ blood-red भी होता है, लेकिन vocabulary questions में अक्सर optimistic पूछा जाता है।

53. TRUCULENT

Meaning: Eager or quick to argue or fight; aggressively defiant

Hindi: आक्रामक और झगड़ालू

Synonyms

Aggressive
Belligerent
Hostile
Combative
Pugnacious

Antonyms

Peaceful
Gentle
Amiable

54. PUGNACIOUS

Meaning: Eager or quick to argue or fight

Hindi: झगड़ालू

Synonyms

Belligerent
Combative
Quarrelsome
Truculent
Bellicose

Antonyms

Peaceful
Amiable
Conciliatory

Fighting Words Chain

Bellicose → Belligerent → Pugnacious → Truculent → Combative इन सबको एक साथ याद करो।

55. APODICTIC

EXTREMELY TOUGH WORD

Meaning: Expressing something as unquestionably true or certain

Hindi: निश्चित और बिना किसी संदेह के कहा गया

Synonyms

Dogmatic
Categorical
Unequivocal
Absolute
Authoritative

Antonyms

Doubtful
Tentative
Uncertain
Equivocal

MASTER REVISION TABLE

Word	Meaning	Closest Synonym
Abstemious	Self-controlled/moderate	Temperate
Abjure	Formally give up	Renounce
Apocryphal	Of doubtful truth	Unverified
Bellicose	Aggressive and warlike	Belligerent
Calumny	False damaging accusation	Slander
Cogent	Logical and convincing	Compelling
Diffident	Lacking confidence	Shy
Enervate	Weaken	Debilitate
Fastidious	Very careful about details	Meticulous
Fatuous	Silly/foolish	Vacuous
Immutable	Cannot be changed	Invariable
Inexorable	Impossible to stop	Relentless
Lugubrious	Sad and gloomy	Mournful
Obfuscate	Make unclear	Obscure
Proclivity	Natural tendency	Propensity
Quixotic	Idealistic but impractical	Unrealistic
Sanguine	Optimistic	Hopeful
Truculent	Aggressively hostile	Belligerent
Pugnacious	Eager to fight	Combative
Apodictic	Absolutely certain	Categorical

EXAM TRAP PAIRS

Obfuscate vs Elucidate

Obfuscate → Make confusing
Elucidate → Make clear

Diffident vs Defiant

Diffident → Lacking confidence
Defiant → Resisting authority

Quixotic vs Pragmatic

Quixotic → Unrealistic idealist
Pragmatic → Practical realist

Apocryphal vs Authentic

Apocryphal → Doubtful/unverified
Authentic → Genuine

Immutable vs Mutable

Immutable → Cannot change
Mutable → Can change

Pernicious vs Salutary

Pernicious → Harmful
Salutary → Beneficial

MINI EXPECTED TEST

Q1. ENERVATE means:

A) Strengthen
B) Weaken
C) Clarify
D) Encourage

B) Weaken

Q2. QUIXOTIC is closest in meaning to:

A) Practical
B) Realistic
C) Idealistic but impractical
D) Careful

Q3. COGENT argument is:

A) Illogical
B) Convincing
C) Emotional
D) Weak

Q4. A FASTIDIOUS person is:

A) Careless
B) Meticulous
C) Lazy
D) Reckless

Q5. APOCRYPHAL means:

A) Authentic
B) Doubtful
C) Famous
D) Permanent

56. ACQUIESCE

Meaning: To accept something reluctantly but without protest
Hindi: अनिच्छा से मान लेना

Synonyms

Consent
Agree
Assent
Comply
Submit

Antonyms

Resist
Refuse
Oppose

Example: He eventually acquiesced to their demands.

57. ADUMBRATE

Meaning: To give a faint outline or indication of something

Hindi: संकेत देना, रूपरेखा देना

Synonyms

Foreshadow
Outline
Sketch
Indicate
Suggest

Important Difference

Portend → future event का sign/warning देना
Adumbrate → किसी चीज़ की faint outline/indication देना

58. ALACRITY

Meaning: Cheerful willingness and eagerness

Hindi: उत्साहपूर्वक तत्परता

Synonyms

Eagerness
Willingness
Promptness
Readiness
Enthusiasm

Antonyms

Reluctance
Apathy
Hesitation

Example: She accepted the offer with alacrity.

59. AMELIORATE

Meaning: To make something better

Hindi: सुधारना, बेहतर बनाना

Synonyms

Improve
Enhance
Better
Mitigate
Alleviate

Antonyms

Worsen
Aggravate
Deteriorate

Expected Question

AMELIORATE means:

A) Worsen
B) Improve
C) Destroy
D) Ignore

Answer: B) Improve

60. ANACHRONISM

Meaning: Something belonging to a different time period

Hindi: गलत समय से संबंधित वस्तु/घटना

Example: A smartphone in a story about the 18th century would be an anachronism.

Synonyms

Chronological inconsistency
Temporal error
Misplacement

Exam Point: Anachronism = Something out of its proper time

61. ANTEDILUVIAN

Meaning: Extremely old-fashioned or outdated

Hindi: बहुत पुराना या पुराने विचारों वाला

Synonyms

Archaic
Antiquated
Obsolete
Outdated
Ancient

Antonyms

Modern
Contemporary
Innovative

Memory: Literally refers to before the Biblical flood, hence extremely old.

62. APPRISE

Meaning: To inform or notify someone

Hindi: सूचित करना

Synonyms

Inform
Notify
Advise
Alert
Brief

Don't confuse: Apprise = Inform

63. ASPERITY

Meaning: Harshness or severity in manner or tone

Hindi: कठोरता

Synonyms

Harshness
Severity
Sternness
Acrimony
Roughness

Antonyms

Gentleness
Mildness
Softness

Example: He spoke with asperity. = उसने कठोरता से बात की।

64. ASSUAGE

Meaning: To make an unpleasant feeling less intense

Hindi: कम करना, शांत करना

Synonyms

Relieve
Alleviate
Mitigate
Soothe
Pacify

Antonyms

Aggravate
Intensify
Exacerbate

Example: The medicine helped assuage the pain.

65. AUSTERE

Meaning: Severe or strict; plain and without luxury

Hindi: सादा, कठोर

Synonyms

Stern
Severe
Strict
Spartan
Ascetic

Antonyms

Luxurious
Ornate
Indulgent

Austere के दो meanings याद रखो:

Strict/severe
Plain and simple

66. BOMBASTIC

Meaning: High-sounding language with little real meaning

Hindi: आडंबरपूर्ण भाषा

Synonyms

Pompous
Grandiloquent
Pretentious
Turgid
Inflated

Antonyms

Simple
Plain
Unpretentious

Bombastic speech = बड़ी-बड़ी बातें लेकिन substance कम

67. CAPITULATE

Meaning: To surrender or stop resisting

Hindi: आत्मसमर्पण करना

Synonyms

Surrender
Yield
Submit
Concede
Relent

Antonyms

Resist
Defy
Withstand

68. CASTIGATE

Meaning: To criticize or punish severely

Hindi: कड़ी आलोचना करना

Synonyms

Rebuke
Reprimand
Censure
Reproach
Chastise

Antonyms

Praise
Commend
Applaud

Chain: Opprobrium → Censure → Castigate → Rebuke

69. CIRCUMSPECT

Meaning: Careful and unwilling to take risks

Hindi: सतर्क और सावधान

Synonyms

Cautious
Prudent
Wary
Vigilant
Discreet

Antonyms

Reckless
Careless
Impetuous

Important: Circumspect ≠ Circumstantial

70. CONCILIATE

Meaning: To stop someone from being angry and make them friendly

Hindi: किसी को शांत करके मित्रवत बनाना

Synonyms

Pacify
Appease
Placate
Mollify
Propitiate

Antonyms

Aggravate
Alienate
Provoke

Very Important Synonym Chain

Conciliate → Placate → Mollify → Appease → Pacify

71. CONTUMACIOUS

Meaning: Stubbornly disobedient to authority

Hindi: हठपूर्वक आदेश न मानने वाला

Synonyms

Defiant
Rebellious
Recalcitrant
Insubordinate
Obstinate

Antonyms

Obedient
Compliant
Submissive

Important Difference

Word	Meaning
Recalcitrant	Resists authority
Contumacious	Stubbornly disobedient
Intransigent	Refuses compromise

72. DIDACTIC

Meaning: Intended to teach, sometimes excessively

Hindi: शिक्षाप्रद

Synonyms

Instructive
Educational
Moralizing
Pedantic

Antonyms

Entertaining
Uninstructive

Exam Trap: Didactic writing = teaching/instruction देने वाली writing.

73. EPHEMERAL

Meaning: Lasting for a very short time

Hindi: क्षणभंगुर

Synonyms

Fleeting
Transient
Momentary
Temporary
Evanescent

Antonyms

Permanent
Enduring
Eternal
Lasting

Very Important: Ephemeral → Fleeting → Transient → Evanescent

74. EQUANIMITY

Meaning: Calmness under pressure or difficult situations

Hindi: मानसिक संतुलन और शांति

Synonyms

Composure
Calmness
Serenity
Poise
Self-control

Antonyms

Anxiety
Agitation
Panic

Example: She handled the crisis with equanimity.

75. EXCORIATE

Meaning: To criticize someone very severely

Hindi: कड़ी आलोचना करना

Synonyms

Condemn
Castigate
Denounce
Vilify
Lambaste

Antonyms

Praise
Commend
Applaud

Strong Criticism Chain: Rebuke → Censure → Castigate → Excoriate → Denounce

76. EXIGENT

Meaning: Urgent and demanding immediate attention

Hindi: अत्यावश्यक

Synonyms

Urgent
Pressing
Critical
Demanding
Imperative

Antonyms

Unimportant
Nonurgent
Optional

77. EXTEMPORANEOUS

Meaning: Spoken or done without preparation

Hindi: बिना तैयारी के

Synonyms

Impromptu
Spontaneous
Unrehearsed
Unprepared

Antonyms

Prepared
Rehearsed
Planned

78. HARANGUE

Meaning: A long and aggressive speech

Hindi: लंबा और तीखा भाषण

Synonyms

Tirade
Diatribe
Rant
Lecture

Example: The leader delivered a harangue against corruption.

79. ICONOCLAST

Meaning: A person who challenges traditional beliefs or customs

Hindi: परंपरागत विचारों को चुनौती देने वाला व्यक्ति

Synonyms

Nonconformist
Rebel
Dissenter
Heretic

Antonyms

Conformist
Traditionalist

MASTER REVISION TABLE

Word	Meaning	Closest Synonym
Acquiesce	Reluctantly accept	Consent
Adumbrate	Give a faint indication	Foreshadow
Alacrity	Eager willingness	Readiness
Ameliorate	Make better	Improve
Anachronism	Out of proper time	Temporal error
Antediluvian	Extremely old-fashioned	Archaic
Apprise	Inform	Notify
Asperity	Harshness	Severity
Assuage	Make less severe	Alleviate
Austere	Strict/plain	Severe
Bombastic	Pompous language	Grandiloquent
Capitulate	Surrender	Yield
Castigate	Criticize severely	Rebuke
Circumspect	Careful	Prudent
Conciliate	Make friendly	Placate
Contumacious	Defiantly disobedient	Recalcitrant
Didactic	Intended to teach	Instructive
Ephemeral	Short-lived	Fleeting
Equanimity	Calmness	Composure
Excoriate	Criticize severely	Denounce
Exigent	Urgent	Pressing
Extemporaneous	Without preparation	Impromptu
Harangue	Long aggressive speech	Tirade
Iconoclast	Challenger of tradition	Nonconformist

MOST IMPORTANT EXAM CHAINS

⏳ Short-lived

Ephemeral → Fleeting → Transient → Evanescent

😡 Severe Criticism

Censure → Castigate → Excoriate → Denounce → Vilify

🤝 Make Someone Calm/Friendly

Assuage → Soothe → Mollify → Placate → Conciliate

🧱 Disobedience

Recalcitrant → Contumacious → Defiant → Insubordinate

🗣️ Speech

Harangue → Tirade → Diatribe → Rant

EXPECTED QUESTIONS

Q1. A person who accepts something reluctantly without protest:

A) Capitulate
B) Acquiesce
C) Castigate
D) Excoriate

Answer: B) Acquiesce

Q2. EPHEMERAL means:

A) Permanent
B) Eternal
C) Fleeting
D) Stable

Answer: C) Fleeting

Q3. CONTUMACIOUS is closest in meaning to:

A) Obedient
B) Defiant
C) Calm
D) Generous

Answer: B) Defiant

Q4. BOMBASTIC language is:

A) Simple
B) Pompous
C) Clear
D) Concise

Answer: B) Pompous

Q5. CIRCUMSPECT means:

A) Reckless
B) Cautious
C) Impulsive
D) Aggressive

Answer: B) Cautious

80. ABROGATE

Meaning: To officially abolish or cancel a law, agreement, or rule
Hindi: आधिकारिक रूप से समाप्त करना

Synonyms

Repeal
Abolish
Annul
Revoke
Rescind

Antonyms

Enact
Establish
Institute

Best synonym: REPEAL

81. ADROIT

Meaning: Clever and skillful in dealing with situations

Hindi: कुशल और चतुर

Synonyms

Skillful
Dexterous
Deft
Clever
Proficient

Antonyms

Clumsy
Awkward
Inept

Adroit = Dexterous = Skillful

82. AESTHETIC

Meaning: Related to beauty or appreciation of beauty

Hindi: सौंदर्य संबंधी

Synonyms

Artistic
Beautiful
Pleasing
Visual

Related Word

Aesthete = A person who appreciates beauty and art.

83. ALLEVIATE

Meaning: To make pain, difficulty, or suffering less severe

Hindi: कम करना, राहत देना

Synonyms

Relieve
Mitigate
Assuage
Ease
Lessen

Antonyms

Aggravate
Intensify
Exacerbate

Chain: Alleviate → Assuage → Mitigate → Relieve

84. AMBIVALENT

Meaning: Having mixed or contradictory feelings

Hindi: दो विपरीत भावनाएँ होना

Synonyms

Conflicted
Uncertain
Indecisive
Torn

Example

She was ambivalent about accepting the job. = वह नौकरी लेने को लेकर confused थी क्योंकि उसके mixed feelings थे।

Antonyms

Certain
Decisive
Unambiguous

85. AMORPHOUS

Meaning: Without a clear shape, form, or structure

Hindi: आकारहीन, अस्पष्ट संरचना वाला

Synonyms

Shapeless
Formless
Undefined
Unstructured

Antonyms

Structured
Definite
Well-defined

86. ANATHEMA

Meaning: Something or someone intensely disliked or strongly condemned

Hindi: अत्यंत घृणित या निंदनीय वस्तु/व्यक्ति

Synonyms

Abomination
Curse
Detestation
Loathing

Antonyms

Blessing
Admiration
Adoration

Anathema = Something you absolutely hate

87. ANIMOSITY

Meaning: Strong hostility or hatred

Hindi: दुश्मनी, शत्रुता

Synonyms

Hostility
Antagonism
Enmity
Hatred
Acrimony

Antonyms

Friendship
Amity
Affection

88. ANTIPATHY

Meaning: A deep feeling of dislike

Hindi: गहरी नापसंद

Synonyms

Aversion
Dislike
Repugnance
Hostility
Loathing

Antonyms

Sympathy
Affinity
Fondness

Difference:

Word	Meaning
Antipathy	Strong dislike
Animosity	Active hostility
Apathy	Lack of interest

89. APATHETIC

Meaning: Showing no interest, enthusiasm, or concern

Hindi: उदासीन, रुचिहीन

Synonyms

Indifferent
Unconcerned
Listless
Passive
Uninterested

Antonyms

Enthusiastic
Concerned
Passionate

Trap: Apathetic ≠ Sympathetic

90. ARBITRARY

Meaning: Based on personal choice rather than reason or a system

Hindi: मनमाना

Synonyms

Random
Capricious
Unreasonable
Autocratic

Antonyms

Rational
Logical
Systematic

91. AVARICIOUS

Meaning: Having an extreme greed for wealth or money

Hindi: अत्यधिक लालची

Synonyms

Greedy
Covetous
Rapacious
Avaricious
Mercenary

Antonyms

Generous
Charitable
Altruistic

Important

Avaricious = Greedy
Parsimonious = Unwilling to spend money

92. CACOPHONY

Meaning: A harsh mixture of unpleasant sounds

Hindi: कर्कश आवाज़ों का मिश्रण

Synonyms

Discord
Dissonance
Clamor
Noise

Antonyms

Harmony
Melody
Euphony

Pair: Cacophony ↔ Euphony

93. CAPRICIOUS

Meaning: Changing suddenly and unpredictably

Hindi: मनमौजी, अस्थिर

Synonyms

Fickle
Whimsical
Unpredictable
Impulsive
Erratic

Antonyms

Stable
Consistent
Predictable

Capricious = unpredictable mood/decision

94. CLANDESTINE

Meaning: Kept secret or done secretly

Hindi: गुप्त

Synonyms

Secret
Covert
Surreptitious
Concealed
Undercover

Antonyms

Open
Overt
Public

Important pair: Clandestine ↔ Overt

95. COERCE

Meaning: To force someone to do something

Hindi: मजबूर करना

Synonyms

Compel
Force
Intimidate
Pressure
Constrain

Antonyms

Persuade
Encourage
Allow

96. COMPLACENT

Meaning: Too satisfied with oneself and unaware of possible problems

Hindi: आत्मसंतुष्ट और लापरवाह

Synonyms

Self-satisfied
Smug
Overconfident
Content

Antonyms

Vigilant
Concerned
Alert

Complacent is usually negative.

97. CONUNDRUM

Meaning: A confusing and difficult problem

Hindi: जटिल समस्या/पहेली

Synonyms

Puzzle
Enigma
Riddle
Dilemma
Predicament

Example

Finding a solution became a major conundrum.

98. CORPULENT

Meaning: Fat; having a large heavy body

Hindi: बहुत मोटा

Synonyms

Obese
Stout
Portly
Overweight

Antonyms

Thin
Lean
Slender
Emaciated

99. DEFERENCE

Meaning: Respectful submission to another person's judgment

Hindi: सम्मानपूर्वक सम्मान/आदर

Synonyms

Respect
Regard
Reverence
Esteem

Example

In deference to his experience, they accepted his advice.

100. DEMUR

Meaning: To raise doubts or objections

Hindi: आपत्ति करना या हिचकिचाना

Synonyms

Object
Protest
Hesitate
Scruple

Antonyms

Agree
Accept
Consent

Demur ≠ Demure

Word	Meaning
Demur	Object / hesitate
Demure	Shy and modest

101. DERIDE

Meaning: To laugh at or ridicule someone

Hindi: मज़ाक उड़ाना

Synonyms

Mock
Ridicule
Scoff
Taunt
Jeer

Antonyms

Praise
Admire
Respect

102. DESULTORY

Meaning: Lacking a plan, purpose, or consistency

Hindi: बेतरतीब, असंगठित

Synonyms

Random
Aimless
Haphazard
Unsystematic
Disconnected

Antonyms

Systematic
Methodical
Organized

103. DIAPHANOUS

Meaning: Very light, delicate, and almost transparent

Hindi: हल्का और पारदर्शी

Synonyms

Sheer
Translucent
Gauzy
Filmy

Antonyms

Opaque
Thick

MASTER REVISION TABLE

Word	Meaning	Closest Synonym
Abrogate	Officially abolish	Repeal
Adroit	Skillful	Deft
Aesthetic	Related to beauty	Artistic
Alleviate	Make less severe	Relieve
Ambivalent	Mixed feelings	Conflicted
Amorphous	Without definite form	Shapeless
Anathema	Something hated	Abomination
Animosity	Strong hostility	Enmity
Antipathy	Strong dislike	Aversion
Apathetic	Showing no interest	Indifferent
Arbitrary	Based on personal choice	Capricious
Avaricious	Extremely greedy	Covetous
Cacophony	Harsh sounds	Dissonance
Capricious	Unpredictable	Fickle
Clandestine	Secret	Covert
Coerce	Force	Compel
Complacent	Overly self-satisfied	Smug
Conundrum	Difficult problem	Enigma
Corpulent	Very fat	Obese
Deference	Respectful submission	Regard
Demur	Object/hesitate	Protest
Deride	Mock	Ridicule
Desultory	Lacking plan	Haphazard
Diaphanous	Almost transparent	Sheer

HIGH-VALUE EXAM TRAPS

Apathy vs Antipathy vs Animosity

Apathy → No interest
Antipathy → Strong dislike
Animosity → Strong hostility

Avaricious vs Parsimonious

Avaricious → Wants more money 💰
Parsimonious → Doesn't want to spend money 💰

Demur vs Demure

Demur → Object
Demure → Shy/modest

Cacophony vs Euphony

Cacophony → Unpleasant sound
Euphony → Pleasant sound

Clandestine vs Overt

Clandestine → Secret
Overt → Open

EXPECTED MCQ TEST

Q1. ABROGATE means:

A) Establish
B) Repeal
C) Support
D) Preserve

B) Repeal

Q2. A person who is excessively greedy for wealth is:

A) Parsimonious
B) Magnanimous
C) Avaricious
D) Altruistic

C) Avaricious

Q3. CACOPHONY is the opposite of:

A) Noise
B) Discord
C) Euphony
D) Clamor

C) Euphony

Q4. DEMUR means:

A) Agree immediately
B) Raise an objection
C) Speak loudly
D) Praise someone

B) Raise an objection

Q5. DESULTORY work is:

A) Systematic
B) Methodical
C) Haphazard
D) Thorough

C) Haphazard

Q6. A CLANDESTINE operation is:

A) Public
B) Secret
C) Legal
D) Temporary

B) Secret

104. DILATORY

Meaning: Slow in doing something; causing delay
Hindi: देरी करने वाला

Synonyms

Procrastinating
Delaying
Tardy
Sluggish
Slow

Antonyms

Prompt
Expeditious
Punctual

Dilatory tactics = delaying tactics

105. DISPARATE

Meaning: Fundamentally different; not comparable

Hindi: बिल्कुल अलग-अलग

Synonyms

Dissimilar
Different
Divergent
Distinct
Contrasting

Antonyms

Similar
Comparable
Alike

Disparate ≠ Desperate

106. DISSEMBLE

Meaning: To conceal one's true feelings or intentions

Hindi: अपनी असली भावना या इरादा छिपाना

Synonyms

Pretend
Conceal
Deceive
Feign
Prevaricate

Antonyms

Reveal
Disclose
Be candid

Important Difference

Word	Meaning
Dissemble	Hide true feelings
Prevaricate	Avoid telling the truth/direct answer
Deceive	Intentionally mislead

107. DOGMATIC

Meaning: Stating opinions as unquestionably true

Hindi: अपने विचारों को अंतिम सत्य मानने वाला

Synonyms

Authoritarian
Opinionated
Dictatorial
Rigid
Doctrinaire

Antonyms

Open-minded
Flexible
Tolerant

Dogmatic ≈ Apodictic, but context matters.

108. EBULLIENT

Meaning: Cheerful, energetic, and enthusiastic

Hindi: उत्साह और ऊर्जा से भरा हुआ

Synonyms

Exuberant
Enthusiastic
Vivacious
Animated
Buoyant

Antonyms

Gloomy
Depressed
Listless

109. EGREGIOUS

Meaning: Outstandingly bad; shocking

Hindi: अत्यंत बुरा

Synonyms

Flagrant
Atrocious
Outrageous
Blatant
Gross

Antonyms

Excellent
Admirable
Acceptable

Egregious = exceptionally bad

110. ELUCIDATE

Meaning: To make something clear and easy to understand

Hindi: स्पष्ट करना

Synonyms

Explain
Clarify
Illuminate
Expound
Interpret

Antonyms

Obfuscate
Confuse
Obscure

Golden Pair

Elucidate = Clarify
Obfuscate = Confuse

111. EMULATE

Meaning: To imitate someone in order to equal or surpass them

Hindi: किसी का अनुकरण कर बेहतर बनने की कोशिश करना

Synonyms

Imitate
Copy
Follow
Rival

Emulate = Copy with the aim of matching/surpassing

112. ENCOMIUM

Meaning: A speech or piece of writing that praises someone highly

Hindi: प्रशस्ति, बहुत अधिक प्रशंसा

Synonyms

Eulogy
Tribute
Panegyric
Commendation
Acclaim

Antonyms

Criticism
Censure
Condemnation

Praise Chain: Encomium → Eulogy → Panegyric → Tribute

113. ENDEMIC

Meaning: Regularly found in a particular area or group

Hindi: किसी विशेष क्षेत्र में स्थायी रूप से पाया जाने वाला

Synonyms

Native
Prevalent
Indigenous
Localized

Important Difference

Word	Meaning
Endemic	Regularly present in a particular area
Epidemic	Sudden widespread disease outbreak
Pandemic	Spread across countries/continents

114. ENGENDER

Meaning: To cause or give rise to something

Hindi: उत्पन्न करना

Synonyms

Generate
Produce
Cause
Create
Foster

Example - The decision engendered public anger.

115. ENIGMATIC

Meaning: Difficult to understand; mysterious

Hindi: रहस्यमय

Synonyms

Mysterious
Cryptic
Puzzling
Obscure
Arcane

Antonyms

Clear
Obvious
Transparent

116. EQUIVOCATE

Meaning: To use ambiguous language to avoid telling the truth or giving a direct answer

Hindi: गोलमोल बात करना

Synonyms

Prevaricate
Hedge
Evade
Be evasive

Antonyms

Be candid
Be direct
Clarify

Golden Chain

Prevaricate → Equivocate → Evade

117. ERUDITE

Meaning: Having extensive knowledge acquired through study

Hindi: अत्यंत विद्वान

Synonyms

Learned
Scholarly
Knowledgeable
Educated
Cultured

Antonyms

Ignorant
Uneducated
Illiterate

118. EXACERBATE

Meaning: To make a problem or situation worse

Hindi: और खराब करना

Synonyms

Aggravate
Worsen
Intensify
Compound

Antonyms

Alleviate
Mitigate
Ameliorate

Golden Pair

Exacerbate ↔ Alleviate

119. EXCULPATE

Meaning: To clear someone from blame or guilt

Hindi: दोषमुक्त करना

Synonyms

Acquit
Vindicate
Absolve
Exonerate

Antonyms

Accuse
Incriminate
Implicate

120. EXPEDITE

Meaning: To make a process happen faster

Hindi: तेज़ करना

Synonyms

Accelerate
Hasten
Speed up
Facilitate

Antonyms

Delay
Hinder
Impede

121. EXPUNGE

Meaning: To completely erase or remove

Hindi: पूरी तरह मिटा देना

Synonyms

Erase
Delete
Obliterate
Remove
Efface

Antonyms

Retain
Preserve
Keep

122. EXTOL

Meaning: To praise enthusiastically

Hindi: बहुत प्रशंसा करना

Synonyms

Praise
Laud
Glorify
Acclaim
Exalt

Antonyms

Criticize
Condemn
Denounce

Extol = Laud = Praise highly

123. FACETIOUS

Meaning: Treating serious issues with inappropriate humour

Hindi: गंभीर बातों को मज़ाक में लेना

Synonyms

Flippant
Jocular
Witty
Glib

Facetious humour may be inappropriate.

124. FALLACIOUS

Meaning: Based on a mistaken belief or faulty reasoning

Hindi: भ्रामक या गलत तर्क वाला

Synonyms

False
Misleading
Illogical
Deceptive
Invalid

Antonyms

Logical
Valid
Sound

Fallacious argument = logically flawed argument

125. FECUND

Meaning: Producing or capable of producing many new ideas or results

Hindi: अत्यंत उत्पादक/उर्वर

Synonyms

Fertile
Productive
Prolific
Fruitful

Antonyms

Barren
Sterile
Unproductive

Fecund can refer to ideas as well as fertility.

126. FURTIVE

Meaning: Attempting to avoid notice or attention; secretive

Hindi: चोरी-छिपे

Synonyms

Secretive
Sneaky
Surreptitious
Stealthy
Covert

Antonyms

Open
Overt
Conspicuous

127. GREGARIOUS

Meaning: Fond of company; sociable

Hindi: मिलनसार

Synonyms

Sociable
Outgoing
Companionable
Social

Antonyms

Introverted
Solitary
Reclusive

28. HACKNEYED

Meaning: Used so often that it has become boring and unoriginal

Hindi: घिसा-पिटा

Synonyms

Clichéd
Trite
Banality
Stereotyped
Overused

Antonyms

Original
Fresh
Novel

129. IMPECUNIOUS

Meaning: Having little or no money

Hindi: निर्धन, गरीब

Synonyms

Poor
Penniless
Needy
Indigent
Destitute

Antonyms

Wealthy
Affluent
Prosperous

130. IMPERTURBABLE

Meaning: Unable to be upset, excited, or disturbed

Hindi: कठिन परिस्थितियों में भी शांत

Synonyms

Calm
Composed
Unflappable
Equable
Serene

Antonyms

Agitated
Nervous
Excitable

MASTER REVISION TABLE

Word	Meaning	Closest Synonym
Dilatory	Causing delay	Tardy
Disparate	Fundamentally different	Dissimilar
Dissemble	Hide true feelings	Feign
Dogmatic	Rigidly opinionated	Doctrinaire
Ebullient	Cheerful and energetic	Exuberant
Egregious	Outstandingly bad	Flagrant
Elucidate	Make clear	Clarify
Emulate	Imitate to equal/surpass	Imitate
Encomium	High praise	Panegyric
Endemic	Restricted to an area	Native
Engender	Cause	Generate
Enigmatic	Mysterious	Cryptic
Equivocate	Speak evasively	Prevaricate
Erudite	Highly learned	Scholarly
Exacerbate	Make worse	Aggravate
Exculpate	Clear from blame	Exonerate
Expedite	Make faster	Accelerate
Expunge	Completely erase	Obliterate
Extol	Praise highly	Laud
Facetious	Inappropriately humorous	Flippant
Fallacious	Based on faulty reasoning	Invalid
Fecund	Highly productive	Prolific
Furtive	Secretive	Surreptitious
Gregarious	Sociable	Outgoing
Hackneyed	Overused	Clichéd
Impecunious	Poor	Penniless
Imperturbable	Calm under pressure	Unflappable

TOP EXAM TRAPS

1. Prevaricate vs Equivocate vs Dissemble

Word	Meaning
Prevaricate	Avoid direct truth
Equivocate	Use ambiguous language
Dissemble	Hide true feelings

2. Alleviate vs Exacerbate

Alleviate → Make better/less severe
Exacerbate → Make worse

3. Enigmatic vs Egregious

Enigmatic → Mysterious
Egregious → Shockingly bad

4. Furtive vs Clandestine

Furtive → Secretive behaviour, avoiding notice
Clandestine → Secret operation/activity

5. Erudite vs Sagacious

Erudite → Highly learned
Sagacious → Wise with good judgment

EXPECTED MINI TEST

Q1. An EGREGIOUS mistake is:

A) Minor
B) Outstandingly bad
C) Hidden
D) Accidental

Q2. EXCULPATE means:

A) Accuse
B) Punish
C) Clear from blame
D) Criticize

Q3. A FURTIVE glance is:

A) Open and obvious
B) Sneaky and secretive
C) Friendly
D) Angry

Q4. FALLACIOUS reasoning is:

A) Sound
B) Logical
C) Faulty
D) Accurate

Q5. An IMPERTURBABLE person remains:

A) Nervous
B) Calm
C) Angry
D) Confused

Q6. IMPECUNIOUS means:

A) Wealthy
B) Generous
C) Penniless
D) Greedy

131. IMPETUOUS

Meaning: Acting suddenly without thinking about consequences
Hindi: आवेगी, जल्दबाज़

Synonyms

Impulsive
Rash
Hasty
Precipitate
Spontaneous

Antonyms

Cautious
Prudent
Deliberate
Thoughtful

Impetuous decision = बिना सोचे लिया गया फैसला

132. IMPINGE

Meaning: To have an effect on something; to encroach upon

Hindi: प्रभाव डालना / अतिक्रमण करना

Synonyms

Affect
Influence
Encroach
Intrude
Infringe

Antonyms

Avoid
Withdraw
Recede

133. IMPLACABLE

Meaning: Unable to be calmed, appeased, or stopped

Hindi: जिसे शांत या संतुष्ट न किया जा सके

Synonyms

Unforgiving
Relentless
Unyielding
Inexorable
Merciless

Antonyms

Merciful
Forgiving
Compassionate
Placable

Implacable enemy = जिसे मनाया/शांत नहीं किया जा सकता।

134. IMPLICIT

Meaning: Suggested without being directly stated

Hindi: अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से निहित

Synonyms

Unstated
Implied
Inferred
Tacit
Unspoken

Antonym

Explicit
Express
Stated

Implicit ↔ Explicit

135. IMPUTE

Meaning: To attribute something, especially something bad, to someone

Hindi: किसी पर दोष/जिम्मेदारी डालना

Synonyms

Attribute
Ascribe
Assign
Blame

Example

The failure was imputed to poor management. = failure का कारण poor management को माना गया।

136. INCHOATE

Meaning: Just begun and not yet fully developed

Hindi: प्रारंभिक, अविकसित

Synonyms

Rudimentary
Formless
Unformed
Embryonic
Incipient

Antonyms

Developed
Mature
Complete
Fully formed

Inchoate idea = अभी पूरी तरह develop नहीं हुई idea

137. INCORRIGIBLE

Meaning: Impossible to correct or reform

Hindi: जिसे सुधारा न जा सके

Synonyms

Unreformable
Irredeemable
Unmanageable
Hopeless

Antonyms

Reformable
Correctable
Malleable

Example: He is an incorrigible liar. = वह ऐसा झूठा है जिसे सुधारा नहीं जा सकता।

138. INDEFATIGABLE

Meaning: Never getting tired; extremely persistent

Hindi: अथक, कभी न थकने वाला

Synonyms

Tireless
Unflagging
Relentless
Persistent
Untiring

Antonyms

Weary
Exhausted
Fatigued

Indefatigable worker = tireless worker

139. INDOLENT

Meaning: Lazy; avoiding work or effort

Hindi: आलसी

Synonyms

Lazy
Slothful
Inactive
Lethargic
Idle

Antonyms

Industrious
Assiduous
Diligent
Energetic

Indolent ↔ Assiduous याद रखो।

140. INEFFABLE

Meaning: Too great or beautiful to be expressed in words

Hindi: अवर्णनीय

Synonyms

Indescribable
Inexpressible
Unspeakable
Unutterable

Antonyms

Expressible
Describable

Example

The beauty of the place was ineffable.

141. INGENUOUS

Meaning: Innocent, sincere, and straightforward

Hindi: भोला और निष्कपट

Synonyms

Innocent
Naive
Sincere
Artless
Candid

Antonyms

Devious
Cunning
Deceitful
Crafty

Very Important Trap

Ingenuous = innocent
Ingenious = clever/inventive

दोनों को बिल्कुल मत मिलाना।

142. INIMICAL

Meaning: Harmful or hostile

Hindi: प्रतिकूल / शत्रुतापूर्ण

Synonyms

Hostile
Adverse
Antagonistic
Detrimental
Harmful

Antonyms

Favorable
Friendly
Beneficial

Inimical to health = harmful to health

143. INNATE

Meaning: Existing naturally from birth

Hindi: जन्मजात

Synonyms

Inborn
Inherent
Instinctive
Natural
Intrinsic

Antonyms

Acquired
Learned
Cultivated

144. INORDINATE

Meaning: Excessive; beyond what is reasonable

Hindi: अत्यधिक, असंयमित

Synonyms

Excessive
Extravagant
Immoderate
Undue
Excessive

Antonyms

Moderate
Reasonable
Temperate

Example

He spends an inordinate amount of time on social media.

145. INSIDIOUS

Meaning: Proceeding gradually and secretly while causing harm

Hindi: कपटपूर्ण और धीरे-धीरे नुकसान करने वाला

Synonyms

Treacherous
Deceptive
Cunning
Sly
Subtle
Pernicious

Antonyms

Open
Frank
Honest
Harmless

Insidious danger = ऐसा खतरा जो धीरे-धीरे और छिपकर नुकसान करे।

146. INVETERATE

Meaning: Having a habit or attitude that is long-established and unlikely to change

Hindi: पुरानी और गहरी आदत वाला

Synonyms

Habitual
Chronic
Confirmed
Deep-rooted
Long-standing

Example

An inveterate smoker = लंबे समय से smoking की आदत वाला व्यक्ति।

147. IRASCIBLE

Meaning: Easily made angry

Hindi: जल्दी गुस्सा होने वाला

Synonyms

Irritable
Short-tempered
Choleric
Testy
Cantankerous

Antonyms

Calm
Patient
Even-tempered

148. LACONIC

Meaning: Using very few words

Hindi: कम शब्दों में बोलने वाला

Synonyms

Terse
Succinct
Concise
Pithy
Brief

Antonyms

Verbose
Garrulous
Loquacious

Laconic ↔ Garrulous

149. LETHARGIC

Meaning: Lacking energy or enthusiasm

Hindi: सुस्त, ऊर्जा की कमी वाला

Synonyms

Sluggish
Listless
Languid
Inactive
Torpid

Antonyms

Energetic
Active
Vigorous
Lively

Indolent = lazy
Lethargic = lacking energy

150. LUCID

Meaning: Clear and easy to understand

Hindi: स्पष्ट

Synonyms

Clear
Intelligible
Coherent
Comprehensible
Perspicuous

Antonyms

Obscure
Confusing
Ambiguous
Unintelligible

Lucid explanation = आसानी से समझ आने वाली explanation

151. MALEVOLENT

Meaning: Having or showing a desire to cause harm

Hindi: दुर्भावनापूर्ण

Synonyms

Malicious
Spiteful
Hostile
Vindictive
Pernicious

Antonyms

Benevolent
Kind
Benevolent
Compassionate

Malevolent ↔ Benevolent

152. MERCURIAL

Meaning: Changing mood or behavior quickly and unpredictably

Hindi: चंचल, अस्थिर स्वभाव वाला

Synonyms

Volatile
Fickle
Unpredictable
Capricious
Erratic

Antonyms

Stable
Consistent
Steady

Mercurial personality = mood जल्दी-जल्दी बदलता है।

153. METICULOUS

Meaning: Extremely careful about details

Hindi: बहुत बारीकी से काम करने वाला

Synonyms

Fastidious
Scrupulous
Punctilious
Thorough
Precise

Antonyms

Careless
Negligent
Sloppy

Meticulous = extremely careful

MASTER REVISION

Word	Meaning	Best Synonym
Impetuous	Acting without thinking	Rash
Impinge	Affect/encroach	Influence
Implacable	Cannot be appeased	Relentless
Implicit	Unstated	Implied
Impute	Attribute/blame	Ascribe
Inchoate	Not fully developed	Rudimentary
Incorrigible	Cannot be corrected	Unreformable
Indefatigable	Tireless	Unflagging
Indolent	Lazy	Slothful
Ineffable	Beyond words	Inexpressible
Ingenuous	Innocent	Naive
Inimical	Harmful/hostile	Adverse
Innate	Inborn	Inherent
Inordinate	Excessive	Immoderate
Insidious	Secretly harmful	Treacherous
Inveterate	Deep-rooted/habitual	Chronic
Irascible	Easily angered	Irritable
Laconic	Few words	Terse
Lethargic	Lacking energy	Sluggish
Lucid	Clear	Intelligible
Malevolent	Wishing harm	Malicious
Mercurial	Unpredictable	Volatile
Meticulous	Extremely careful	Scrupulous

MOST IMPORTANT CONFUSION SET

Ingenuous vs Ingenious

Ingenuous → innocent, sincere
Ingenious → clever, inventive

Indolent vs Lethargic

Indolent → lazy/unwilling to work
Lethargic → lacking energy

Implicit vs Explicit

Implicit → implied/not directly stated
Explicit → clearly stated

Implacable vs Placable

Implacable → cannot be appeased
Placable → can be appeased

Mercurial vs Capricious

दोनों में unpredictability है:

Mercurial → rapidly changing mood/temperament
Capricious → unpredictable choices/behavior

HIGH-VALUE SYNONYM CHAINS

🔹 Secretly Harmful

Insidious → Treacherous → Deceptive → Pernicious

🔹 Extremely Careful

Meticulous → Fastidious → Scrupulous → Punctilious

🔹 Very Lazy

Indolent → Slothful → Idle

🔹 Unpredictable

Mercurial → Capricious → Fickle → Erratic → Volatile

🔹 Cannot Be Appeased

Implacable → Inexorable → Relentless → Unyielding

🔹 Clear

Lucid → Explicit → Perspicuous → Intelligible

EXPECTED MCQs

Q1. INSIDIOUS means:

A) Openly harmful
B) Gradually and secretly harmful
C) Completely harmless
D) Extremely generous

Q2. An INCHOATE plan is:

A) Fully developed
B) Ancient
C) Not fully developed
D) Impossible

Q3. INGENUOUS means:

A) Clever
B) Deceitful
C) Innocent and sincere
D) Aggressive

Q4. Someone who is IRASCIBLE is easily:

A) Amused
B) Angered
C) Confused
D) Persuaded

Q5. MERCURIAL describes someone whose mood is:

A) Always stable
B) Predictably calm
C) Quickly changing
D) Permanently sad

Q6. INVETERATE means:

A) Newly acquired
B) Long-established
C) Temporary
D) Uncertain

Q7. IMPINGE can mean:

A) Ignore
B) Affect
C) Praise
D) Remove

Q8. INDEFATIGABLE means:

A) Tireless
B) Lazy
C) Weak
D) Hesitant

Q9. LUCID is closest to:

A) Obscure
B) Ambiguous
C) Clear
D) Cryptic

Q10. MALEVOLENT is opposite to:

A) Hostile
B) Malicious
C) Benevolent
D) Vindictive

154. MUNIFICENT

Meaning: Extremely generous, especially in giving money or gifts
Hindi: अत्यंत उदार / दानशील

Synonyms

Generous
Magnanimous
Benevolent
Lavish
Bountiful
Charitable

Antonyms

Stingy
Parsimonious
Miserly
Penurious

Munificent = बहुत generous

Q. A munificent donation means:
A) Tiny donation
B) Secret donation
C) Very generous donation
D) Illegal donation

155. MYRIAD

Meaning: A very large number of things or people

Hindi: असंख्य / बहुत बड़ी संख्या

Synonyms

Multitude
Innumerable
Countless
Plethora
Abundance

Antonyms

Few
Scarcity
Handful

Example: The internet offers a myriad of opportunities.

156. NEFARIOUS

Meaning: Extremely wicked or criminal

Hindi: घोर दुष्ट / अपराधपूर्ण

Synonyms

Wicked
Villainous
Heinous
Vile
Sinister
Evil

Antonyms

Virtuous
Noble
Righteous
Benevolent

Nefarious act = extremely wicked act

157. NOXIOUS

Meaning: Harmful, poisonous, or unpleasant

Hindi: विषैला / हानिकारक

Synonyms

Toxic
Harmful
Poisonous
Pernicious
Deleterious
Injurious

Antonyms

Harmless
Beneficial
Wholesome

Noxious fumes = harmful/toxic fumes

158. OBSEQUIOUS

Meaning: Excessively eager to please or obey someone

Hindi: अत्यधिक चापलूस / खुशामदी

Synonyms

Servile
Sycophantic
Fawning
Subservient
Grovelling

Antonyms

Assertive
Independent
Self-reliant

Obsequious → Sycophantic → Servile → Fawning

159. OBVIATE

Meaning: To remove a need or difficulty; make unnecessary

Hindi: आवश्यकता समाप्त कर देना

Synonyms

Prevent
Avoid
Preclude
Eliminate
Remove

Example

Automation can obviate the need for manual data entry. = Automation manual data entry की जरूरत खत्म कर सकती है।

160. ONEROUS

Meaning: Involving a lot of difficulty, effort, or responsibility

Hindi: बोझिल / कठिन

Synonyms

Burdensome
Arduous
Laborious
Demanding
Oppressive

Antonyms

Easy
Effortless
Light
Manageable

Onerous task = burdensome task

161. PANACEA

Meaning: A solution believed to cure all problems

Hindi: रामबाण उपाय

Synonyms

Cure-all
Universal remedy
Remedy
Solution

Antonym

Problem
Complication

Example: Technology is not a panacea for every social problem.

🧠 Panacea = One solution for everything

162. PARADIGM

Meaning: A model or typical example of something

Hindi: प्रतिमान / आदर्श उदाहरण / मॉडल

Synonyms

Model
Pattern
Example
Prototype
Standard

Example: The company represents a new paradigm in banking.

163. PEDANTIC

Meaning: Excessively concerned with minor details or formal rules

Hindi: छोटी-छोटी बातों/नियमों पर जरूरत से ज्यादा जोर देने वाला

Synonyms

Fussy
Over-precise
Academic
Punctilious
Formalistic

Antonyms

Informal
Flexible
Broad-minded

Pedantic ≠ Pedagogue

Pedantic = overly concerned with rules/details.

164. PENURIOUS

Meaning: Extremely poor OR unwilling to spend money

Hindi: निर्धन / कंजूस

Synonyms

Stingy
Miserly
Parsimonious
Impecunious
Poverty-stricken

Antonyms

Generous
Munificent
Wealthy

Important connection: Penurious ↔ Parsimonious दोनों financial context में बहुत काम आते हैं।

165. PLETHORA

Meaning: An excessive amount or number of something

Hindi: बहुत अधिक मात्रा / भरमार

Synonyms

Excess
Abundance
Multitude
Surfeit
Profusion

Antonyms

Scarcity
Deficiency
Shortage

Plethora = Too much of something

166. PRECARIOUS

Meaning: Not secure; uncertain and potentially dangerous

Hindi: अस्थिर / जोखिमपूर्ण

Synonyms

Uncertain
Risky
Hazardous
Unstable
Perilous
Treacherous

Antonyms

Secure
Stable
Safe
Certain

Example: He was in a precarious financial situation.

167. PRECLUDE

Meaning: To prevent something from happening

Hindi: रोक देना / संभावना समाप्त कर देना

Synonyms

Prevent
Prevent from
Rule out
Forestall
Obviate

Antonyms

Allow
Permit
Enable

Example

The heavy rain precluded us from travelling.

168. PRODIGAL

Meaning: Spending money or resources excessively

Hindi: फिजूलखर्च

Synonyms

Wasteful
Extravagant
Spendthrift
Lavish

Antonyms

Economical
Frugal
Thrifty

Another meaning: Prodigal can also mean abundant / lavishly abundant.

169. PROFLIGATE

Meaning: Morally corrupt or recklessly extravagant

Hindi: चरित्रहीन / अत्यधिक फिजूलखर्च

Synonyms

Depraved
Immoral
Dissolute
Licentious
Corrupt

Antonyms

Virtuous
Moral
Temperate
Disciplined

Important Difference

Prodigal → wasteful with money/resources
Profligate → morally corrupt OR recklessly wasteful

170. PROPENSITY

Meaning: A natural tendency to behave in a particular way

Hindi: प्रवृत्ति / झुकाव

Synonyms

Tendency
Inclination
Predilection
Proclivity
Disposition

Example

He has a propensity for taking unnecessary risks.

Propensity ≈ Proclivity

171. PROTEAN

Meaning: Able to change easily; versatile and adaptable

Hindi: लगातार बदलने वाला / बहुरूपी

Synonyms

Versatile
Adaptable
Changeable
Variable
Multifaceted

Antonyms

Inflexible
Immutable
Rigid
Unchanging

Protean personality = constantly changing/adaptable personality

172. PUSILLANIMOUS

Meaning: Lacking courage

Hindi: कायर

Synonyms

Cowardly
Timid
Craven
Faint-hearted
Timorous

Antonyms

Brave
Valiant
Courageous
Intrepid

173. PREDILECTION

Meaning: A preference or special liking for something

Hindi: विशेष पसंद / झुकाव

Synonyms

Preference
Inclination
Fondness
Partiality
Propensity

Antonyms

Aversion
Dislike
Antipathy

174. PROPRIETY

Meaning: Correctness or appropriateness of behaviour

Hindi: शिष्टाचार / उचित व्यवहार

Synonyms

Decorum
Correctness
Appropriateness
Decency
Suitability

Antonyms

Impropriety
Indecency
Inappropriateness

175. PUNCTILIOUS

Meaning: Extremely careful about details and rules

Hindi: नियमों और छोटी-छोटी बातों का बहुत ध्यान रखने वाला

Synonyms

Meticulous
Fastidious
Scrupulous
Exacting
Precise

Antonyms

Careless
Negligent
Sloppy

Punctilious ≈ Meticulous

लेकिन punctilious में rules/etiquette/details का strict adherence ज्यादा आता है।

MASTER REVISION TABLE

Word	Meaning	Best Synonym
Munificent	Extremely generous	Bountiful
Myriad	Very large number	Countless
Nefarious	Extremely wicked	Heinous
Noxious	Harmful/poisonous	Toxic
Obsequious	Excessively submissive/flattering	Servile
Obviate	Remove the need for	Preclude
Onerous	Burdensome	Arduous
Panacea	Cure-all	Universal remedy
Paradigm	Model/example	Pattern
Pedantic	Overly concerned with rules	Formalistic
Penurious	Stingy/poor	Miserly
Plethora	Excessive amount	Profusion
Precarious	Risky/unstable	Perilous
Preclude	Prevent	Forestall
Prodigal	Wasteful	Extravagant
Profligate	Morally corrupt/wasteful	Dissolute
Propensity	Natural tendency	Inclination
Protean	Highly changeable	Versatile
Predilection	Special preference	Partiality
Propriety	Correct behaviour	Decorum
Punctilious	Extremely precise	Meticulous

HIGH-VALUE SYNONYM CHAINS

💰 Generous

Munificent → Magnanimous → Benevolent → Bountiful

💰 Stingy

Penurious → Parsimonious → Miserly → Stingy

🧠 Tendency

Propensity → Proclivity → Predilection → Inclination → Disposition

🚫 Prevention

Preclude → Prevent → Forestall → Obviate

⚠️ Risky

Precarious → Perilous → Hazardous → Treacherous

😈 Wicked

Nefarious → Heinous → Villainous → Depraved → Vile

🤝 Excessive Flattery

Obsequious → Sycophantic → Servile → Fawning

EXPECTED QUESTIONS

Q1. MUNIFICENT is closest in meaning to:

A) Miserly
B) Generous
C) Hostile
D) Timid

Q2. NEFARIOUS means:

A) Noble
B) Extremely wicked
C) Generous
D) Mysterious

Q3. OBSEQUIOUS behaviour involves:

A) Independence
B) Excessive submission/flattery
C) Courage
D) Anger

Q4. PANACEA means:

A) A difficult problem
B) A universal remedy
C) A secret plan
D) A false statement

Q5. PRECLUDE means:

A) Permit
B) Encourage
C) Prevent
D) Explain

Q6. A PRECARIOUS situation is:

A) Secure
B) Stable
C) Risky and uncertain
D) Permanent

Q7. PUNCTILIOUS means:

A) Careless
B) Extremely attentive to details/rules
C) Lazy
D) Impulsive

Q8. PROFLIGATE is closest to:

A) Virtuous
B) Morally corrupt
C) Modest
D) Cautious

Q9. A PLETHORA of options means:

A) Very few options
B) No options
C) An excessive number of options
D) Unclear options

Q10. PROTEAN means:

A) Unchanging
B) Highly adaptable/changeable
C) Cowardly
D) Hostile

REVISION

Munificent = Generous
Myriad = Countless
Nefarious = Wicked
Noxious = Harmful
Obsequious = Sycophantic
Obviate = Remove the need
Onerous = Burdensome
Panacea = Cure-all
Paradigm = Model
Pedantic = Overly particular
Penurious = Stingy
Plethora = Excess
Precarious = Risky
Preclude = Prevent
Prodigal = Wasteful
Profligate = Morally corrupt
Propensity = Tendency
Protean = Changeable
Predilection = Preference
Propriety = Decorum
Punctilious = Meticulous

176. REDOUBTABLE

Meaning: Very formidable, impressive, or difficult to defeat
Hindi: दुर्जेय / बहुत शक्तिशाली प्रतिद्वंद्वी

Synonyms: Formidable, Fearsome, Daunting, Intimidating, Powerful
Antonyms: Weak, Feeble, Ineffective

Example: She is a redoubtable opponent in the competition.

Redoubtable = difficult to defeat

177. REFRACTORY

Meaning: Stubbornly resistant to authority or control; difficult to manage
Hindi: हठी / नियंत्रण का विरोध करने वाला

Synonyms: Recalcitrant, Intractable, Obstinate, Defiant, Unruly
Antonyms: Obedient, Compliant, Docile

Refractory ≈ Recalcitrant, but refractory strongly suggests resistance to control/treatment.

178. RETICENT

Meaning: Unwilling to speak freely about thoughts or feelings
Hindi: कम बोलने वाला / संकोची

Synonyms: Reserved, Taciturn, Uncommunicative, Restrained
Antonyms: Garrulous, Talkative, Communicative

Reticent = unwilling to speak
Taciturn = habitually speaking very little

179. RECRUDESCENT

Meaning: Reappearing or becoming active again after a period of inactivity
Hindi: पुनः उभरने वाला / फिर से सक्रिय होने वाला

Synonyms: Resurgent, Reviving, Recurring, Renewed
Antonyms: Dormant, Inactive, Extinct

Example: The recrudescent conflict threatened regional stability.

Recrudescence = return of something undesirable

180. REDOLENT

Meaning: Having a strong smell; strongly reminiscent of something

Hindi: सुगंधयुक्त / किसी चीज़ की याद दिलाने वाला

Synonyms: Fragrant, Aromatic, Evocative, Suggestive
Antonyms: Odorless, Unscented

Redolent has two important senses:

Having a noticeable smell
Reminiscent of something

181. SALUBRIOUS

Meaning: Healthful or beneficial to health
Hindi: स्वास्थ्यवर्धक

Synonyms: Healthy, Wholesome, Salutary, Beneficial, Health-giving
Antonyms: Unhealthy, Noxious, Harmful

Salubrious climate = healthy climate

182. SARDONIC

Meaning: Mocking or cynical, often expressing grim humour
Hindi: व्यंग्यात्मक / कटाक्षपूर्ण

Synonyms: Cynical, Mocking, Satirical, Derisive, Sarcastic
Antonyms: Sincere, Earnest, Respectful

Sardonic ≠ simply sarcastic

Sardonic often carries a grim, cynical, mocking tone.

183. SEDULOUS

Meaning: Showing great care, effort, and persistence
Hindi: परिश्रमी / लगनशील

Synonyms: Diligent, Assiduous, Industrious, Meticulous, Tireless
Antonyms: Negligent, Careless, Indolent

Sedulous = hardworking + persistent

184. SPURIOUS

Meaning: False but appearing genuine or valid
Hindi: नकली / मिथ्या / जाली

Synonyms: Fake, False, Bogus, Counterfeit, Fallacious
Antonyms: Genuine, Authentic, Valid

Example: The report was based on spurious evidence.

Difference

Spurious → false but looks genuine
Fallacious → based on faulty reasoning

185. STOLID

Meaning: Calm and unemotional; showing little reaction
Hindi: भावशून्य / निर्विकार

Synonyms: Impassive, Unemotional, Unresponsive, Phlegmatic
Antonyms: Emotional, Excitable, Volatile

Example: He remained stolid despite the criticism.

186. SUPERCILIOUS

Meaning: Behaving as if superior to others
Hindi: घमंडी / अहंकारी

Synonyms: Arrogant, Haughty, Condescending, Pompous, Snobbish
Antonyms: Humble, Modest, Unassuming

Supercilious = “I am better than you” attitude

187. SURREPTITIOUS

Meaning: Done secretly to avoid being noticed
Hindi: गुप्त / चोरी-छिपे किया गया

Synonyms: Secret, Stealthy, Clandestine, Furtive, Covert
Antonyms: Open, Overt, Public

Difference

Surreptitious → secretly, trying to avoid detection
Clandestine → deliberately kept secret

188. TANTAMOUNT

Meaning: Equivalent in effect or meaning to something else
Hindi: के बराबर / समान प्रभाव वाला

Synonyms: Equivalent, Equal, Comparable, Amounting to
Antonyms: Different, Opposite

Example: Ignoring the warning was tantamount to accepting the risk.

tantamount to = equivalent to

189. TENACIOUS

Meaning: Very determined; refusing to give up
Hindi: दृढ़ / जुझारू / अडिग

Synonyms: Persistent, Resolute, Dogged, Persistent, Unyielding
Antonyms: Yielding, Weak-willed, Irresolute

Example: Her tenacious efforts finally produced results.

190. TIRADE

Meaning: A long angry speech or attack
Hindi: क्रोधित लंबा भाषण / तीखी आलोचना

Synonyms: Harangue, Diatribe, Rant, Invective, Denunciation
Antonyms: Praise, Compliment, Commendation

Chain

Tirade → Harangue → Diatribe → Rant

191. TORPID

Meaning: Lacking energy or enthusiasm; sluggish
Hindi: सुस्त / निष्क्रिय

Synonyms: Lethargic, Sluggish, Inactive, Listless, Apathetic
Antonyms: Energetic, Vigorous, Active

192. TRACTABLE

Meaning: Easy to control, manage, or deal with
Hindi: आसानी से नियंत्रित होने वाला

Synonyms: Manageable, Docile, Compliant, Amenable, Pliable
Antonyms: Intractable, Refractory, Obstinate

Tractable ↔ Intractable

193. TRANSIENT

Meaning: Lasting only for a short time
Hindi: अस्थायी / क्षणिक

Synonyms: Temporary, Ephemeral, Fleeting, Brief, Momentary
Antonyms: Permanent, Enduring, Lasting

Transient = temporary

194. TRUCULENT

Meaning: Eager or quick to fight; aggressively hostile
Hindi: आक्रामक / लड़ाकू

Synonyms: Belligerent, Pugnacious, Bellicose, Combative, Hostile
Antonyms: Peaceful, Pacifist, Amiable

195. TURPITUDE

Meaning: Moral depravity or wickedness
Hindi: नैतिक पतन / दुष्टता

Synonyms: Depravity, Wickedness, Immorality, Corruption, Villainy
Antonyms: Virtue, Morality, Righteousness

Example: The crime was an act of moral turpitude.

196. TENUOUS

Meaning: Very weak, slight, or uncertain
Hindi: कमजोर / अस्पष्ट / अस्थिर

Synonyms: Weak, Fragile, Doubtful, Flimsy, Insufficient
Antonyms: Strong, Solid, Substantial, Convincing

Example: There is only a tenuous connection between the two events.

197. TRENCHANT

Meaning: Sharp, forceful, and effective, especially criticism or analysis
Hindi: तीक्ष्ण / प्रभावशाली / पैना

Synonyms: Incisive, Cutting, Sharp, Forceful, Penetrating
Antonyms: Vague, Weak, Mild

Trenchant criticism = sharp and powerful criticism

MASTER TABLE

Word	Meaning	Best Synonym
Redoubtable	Formidable	Daunting
Refractory	Resistant to control	Intractable
Reticent	Unwilling to speak	Reserved
Recrudescent	Becoming active again	Resurgent
Redolent	Fragrant / reminiscent	Evocative
Salubrious	Healthful	Wholesome
Sardonic	Grimly mocking	Cynical
Sedulous	Persistent & diligent	Assiduous
Spurious	False but seemingly genuine	Bogus
Stolid	Unemotional	Impassive
Supercilious	Arrogantly superior	Haughty
Surreptitious	Secretive	Stealthy
Tantamount	Equivalent	Equal
Tenacious	Persistent	Dogged
Tirade	Angry speech	Harangue
Torpid	Sluggish	Lethargic
Tractable	Easy to control	Manageable
Transient	Temporary	Fleeting
Truculent	Aggressively hostile	Belligerent
Turpitude	Moral depravity	Depravity
Tenuous	Weak/uncertain	Flimsy
Trenchant	Sharp/forceful	Incisive

CONFUSION PAIRS

1. Reticent vs Taciturn

Reticent → reluctant to speak
Taciturn → naturally speaks very little

2. Tractable vs Intractable

Tractable → easy to control
Intractable → difficult/impossible to control

3. Spurious vs Fallacious

Spurious → false/not genuine
Fallacious → logically incorrect

4. Sardonic vs Sarcastic

Sardonic → cynical/grim mockery
Sarcastic → mocking remarks, often ironic

5. Salubrious vs Salutary

Salubrious → beneficial to health
Salutary → beneficial/useful, especially as a lesson or corrective

SYNONYM CHAINS TO MEMORIZE

Aggressive

Truculent → Pugnacious → Bellicose → Belligerent → Combative

Quiet

Reticent → Taciturn → Laconic → Reserved

Hardworking

Sedulous → Assiduous → Diligent → Industrious

Arrogant

Supercilious → Haughty → Pompous → Condescending

Secret

Surreptitious → Furtive → Clandestine → Covert → Stealthy

Angry Speech

Tirade → Harangue → Diatribe → Rant → Invective

Persistent

Tenacious → Dogged → Resolute → Unyielding → Persistent

MINI TEST

Q1. “Tantamount to” means:
A) Contrary to
B) Equivalent to
C) Unrelated to
D) Inferior to

Q2. A spurious claim is:
A) Genuine
B) False but seemingly valid
C) Proven
D) Certain

Q3. Someone who is reticent is:
A) Extremely talkative
B) Unwilling to speak
C) Aggressive
D) Generous

Q4. A salubrious environment is:
A) Harmful
B) Healthful
C) Dangerous
D) Unstable

Q5. A tenacious person:
A) Gives up easily
B) Is easily confused
C) Refuses to give up
D) Avoids responsibility

Q6. Turpitude refers to:
A) Intelligence
B) Moral depravity
C) Generosity
D) Courage

Q7. A trenchant analysis is:
A) Weak
B) Confusing
C) Sharp and incisive
D) Irrelevant

Q8. Surreptitious activity is:
A) Public
B) Secret
C) Official
D) Legal

Q9. “Refractory” is closest to:
A) Obedient
B) Resistant
C) Generous
D) Cheerful

Q10. “Redoubtable opponent” means:
A) Easy opponent
B) Formidable opponent
C) Friendly opponent
D) Uninterested opponent

Answers: 1-B | 2-B | 3-B | 4-B | 5-C | 6-B | 7-C | 8-B | 9-B | 10-B

198. UBIQUITOUS

Meaning: Present or found everywhere
Hindi: सर्वव्यापी / हर जगह मौजूद

Synonyms: Omnipresent, Universal, Pervasive, Prevalent, Widespread
Antonyms: Rare, Scarce, Limited

Example: Smartphones have become ubiquitous in modern society.

Ubiquitous = everywhere

199. UNCTUOUS

Meaning: Excessively flattering or ingratiating; sometimes excessively smooth/oily
Hindi: चापलूसीपूर्ण / बनावटी रूप से विनम्र

Synonyms: Sycophantic, Obsequious, Fawning, Servile, Smarmy
Antonyms: Frank, Forthright, Candid

⚠️ Unctuous praise = overly flattering praise.

200. UNCONSCIONABLE

Meaning: Not morally acceptable; shockingly unfair or excessive
Hindi: अत्यंत अनुचित / अन्यायपूर्ण / अमानवीय

Synonyms: Unjust, Unreasonable, Excessive, Outrageous, Shameful
Antonyms: Reasonable, Fair, Just, Equitable

Example:
Charging such an unconscionable fee was unacceptable.

201. UNCTUOUS vs OBNOXIOUS

Dost, exam mein similar-sounding words confuse kar sakte hain:

Unctuous → excessively flattering
Obnoxious → extremely unpleasant/offensive

👉 Unctuous person = चापलूस
👉 Obnoxious person = बहुत irritating/offensive

202. UNPREPOSSESSING

Meaning: Not particularly attractive or impressive at first sight
Hindi: पहली नजर में आकर्षक/प्रभावशाली न लगने वाला

Synonyms: Unimpressive, Ordinary, Unremarkable, Plain
Antonyms: Attractive, Impressive, Striking

Example: The building looked unprepossessing from outside.

203. VACUOUS

Meaning: Lacking intelligence, thought, or meaningful content
Hindi: विचारहीन / खोखला

Synonyms: Empty, Inane, Fatuous, Mindless, Meaningless
Antonyms: Intelligent, Thoughtful, Meaningful

Trap

Vacuous statement = ऐसा statement जिसमें meaningful thought नहीं है।

204. VENERABLE

Meaning: Deserving respect because of age, wisdom, or dignity
Hindi: सम्माननीय / आदरणीय

Synonyms: Respected, Revered, Esteemed, August, Honoured
Antonyms: Disrespected, Disgraced, Contemptible

Example: The venerable professor was respected by generations of students.

205. VENAL

Meaning: Willing to act wrongly for money or personal gain
Hindi: रिश्वतखोर / भ्रष्ट

Synonyms: Corrupt, Bribable, Dishonest, Mercenary
Antonyms: Honest, Principled, Incorruptible

Venal official = official who can be bribed

206. VERACIOUS

Meaning: Truthful; habitually speaking the truth
Hindi: सत्यवादी / सच्चा

Synonyms: Truthful, Honest, Candid, Sincere
Antonyms: Mendacious, Deceitful, Dishonest

⚠️ VERY IMPORTANT

Veracious = truthful
Voracious = extremely hungry/eager

Veracious ≠ Voracious

207. VERBOSE

Meaning: Using more words than necessary
Hindi: शब्दाडंबरपूर्ण / जरूरत से ज्यादा बोलने वाला

Synonyms: Wordy, Long-winded, Prolix, Verbose, Garrulous
Antonyms: Concise, Laconic, Terse, Succinct

Verbose ↔ Concise

208. VITUPERATIVE

Meaning: Containing harsh criticism or abusive language
Hindi: कटु आलोचनात्मक / अपमानजनक

Synonyms: Abusive, Scathing, Insulting, Invective, Derogatory
Antonyms: Complimentary, Laudatory, Praising

Example: The debate became increasingly vituperative.

209. VOCIFEROUS

Meaning: Expressing opinions loudly and forcefully
Hindi: जोरदार ढंग से अपनी बात रखने वाला

Synonyms: Clamorous, Vehement, Loud, Boisterous, Outspoken
Antonyms: Quiet, Restrained, Reticent

Vociferous protest = loud and forceful protest

210. VOLATILE

Meaning: Likely to change rapidly and unpredictably
Hindi: अस्थिर / तेजी से बदलने वाला

Synonyms: Unstable, Unpredictable, Mercurial, Erratic, Changeable
Antonyms: Stable, Steady, Predictable

Example: The political situation remains volatile.

211. WANTON

Meaning: Deliberately cruel, reckless, or without restraint

Hindi: उच्छृंखल / निर्दयी / बेलगाम

Synonyms: Reckless, Unrestrained, Wilful, Cruel, Immoral
Antonyms: Restrained, Disciplined, Controlled

Example: The attack caused wanton destruction.

212. WARY

Meaning: Cautious and alert because of possible danger
Hindi: सावधान / सतर्क

Synonyms: Cautious, Vigilant, Circumspect, Watchful, Guarded
Antonyms: Careless, Reckless, Trusting

⚠️ Wary ≠ Weary

Wary = cautious
Weary = tired

213. WILLY-NILLY

Meaning: Whether one likes it or not; in an uncontrolled/random way
Hindi: जैसे-तैसे / बिना नियंत्रण के / इच्छा हो या न हो

Synonyms: Reluctantly, Randomly, Haphazardly, Indiscriminately
Antonyms: Deliberately, Carefully, Systematically

214. WIZENED

Meaning: Wrinkled and shrunken, usually because of age
Hindi: झुर्रीदार / सूखा-सिकुड़ा हुआ

Synonyms: Wrinkled, Shriveled, Shrunken, Withered
Antonyms: Smooth, Plump, Youthful

Example: The old man's wizened face showed years of hardship.

215. WRY

Meaning: Using dry, often ironic humour
Hindi: सूखा/व्यंग्यात्मक हास्य

Synonyms: Sardonic, Ironic, Dry, Cynical
Antonyms: Sincere, Earnest, Straightforward

Example: He gave a wry smile after hearing the excuse.

216. ZEALOUS

Meaning: Extremely enthusiastic and devoted
Hindi: उत्साही / जोशीला / अत्यंत समर्पित

Synonyms: Enthusiastic, Fervent, Ardent, Passionate, Devoted
Antonyms: Apathetic, Indifferent, Lethargic

217. ZEALOT

Meaning: A person who is fanatically devoted to a cause or belief
Hindi: कट्टर समर्थक / अंध-उत्साही व्यक्ति

Synonyms: Fanatic, Extremist, Devotee, Partisan
Antonyms: Moderate, Rationalist, Skeptic

⚠️ Zealous = adjective
⚠️ Zealot = noun

218. ZEITGEIST

Meaning: The defining spirit, mood, or ideas of a particular period
Hindi: किसी युग की प्रमुख मानसिकता/भावना

Synonyms: Spirit of the age, Climate of opinion, Prevailing mood

Example: Social media has become part of the modern zeitgeist.

Zeitgeist = spirit of an age

MASTER REVISION TABLE

Word	Meaning	Best Synonym
Ubiquitous	Everywhere	Omnipresent
Unctuous	Excessively flattering	Sycophantic
Unconscionable	Shockingly unfair	Outrageous
Unprepossessing	Not attractive/impressive	Unremarkable
Vacuous	Empty of thought	Inane
Venerable	Highly respected	Revered
Venal	Corrupt/bribable	Mercenary
Veracious	Truthful	Honest
Verbose	Excessively wordy	Prolix
Vituperative	Abusive/harsh	Scathing
Vociferous	Loud and forceful	Vehement
Volatile	Unstable	Erratic
Wanton	Reckless/unrestrained	Wilful
Wary	Cautious	Vigilant
Willy-nilly	Randomly/reluctantly	Haphazardly
Wizen(ed)	Wrinkled/shrunken	Withered
Wry	Dryly ironic	Sardonic
Zealous	Extremely enthusiastic	Fervent
Zealot	Fanatic	Extremist
Zeitgeist	Spirit of an age	Prevailing mood

MUST-MEMORIZE CONFUSION PAIRS

1. VERACIOUS vs VORACIOUS

Veracious → truthful
Voracious → extremely hungry/eager

2. WARY vs WEARY

Wary → cautious
Weary → tired

3. ZEALOUS vs ZEALOT

Zealous → enthusiastic
Zealot → fanatically devoted person

4. VACUOUS vs VAGUE

Vacuous → lacking thought/intelligence
Vague → unclear/not specific

5. VENAL vs VENIAL

Venal → corrupt/bribable
Venial → minor/forgivable fault

Venal = corruption
Venial = minor offence

SUPER IMPORTANT SYNONYM CHAINS

Truthful

Veracious → Candid → Sincere → Frank

Corrupt

Venal → Corrupt → Bribable → Mercenary

Loud

Vociferous → Clamorous → Boisterous → Vehement

Unstable

Volatile → Mercurial → Erratic → Capricious

Enthusiastic

Zealous → Fervent → Ardent → Passionate

Excessively Wordy

Verbose → Prolix → Long-winded → Circumlocutory

Harsh Criticism

Vituperative → Scathing → Invective → Virulent

EXPECTED MCQs

Q1. A “venal” politician is one who is:

A) Honest
B) Easily bribed
C) Extremely courageous
D) Highly educated

Q2. “Veracious” means:

A) Hungry
B) Truthful
C) Aggressive
D) Secretive

Q3. A “vacuous” argument is:

A) Highly logical
B) Full of evidence
C) Empty of meaningful thought
D) Very persuasive

Q4. Someone who is “wary” is:

A) Tired
B) Careless
C) Cautious
D) Generous

Q5. “Vituperative” language is:

A) Highly complimentary
B) Abusive and harsh
C) Completely neutral
D) Humorous

Q6. A “vociferous” protest is:

A) Silent
B) Weak
C) Loud and forceful
D) Secret

Q7. “Zeitgeist” refers to:

A) A person's private opinion
B) The spirit of a particular age
C) A political revolution
D) A scientific theory

Q8. “Unctuous” behaviour is typically:

A) Straightforward
B) Excessively flattering
C) Violent
D) Indifferent

Q9. “Wry humour” is generally:

A) Dry and ironic
B) Childish
C) Extremely emotional
D) Completely sincere

Q10. A “redoubtable” opponent is:

A) Weak
B) Formidable
C) Uninterested
D) Inexperienced

QUICK REVISION

Ubiquitous = Everywhere
Unctuous = Excessively flattering
Unconscionable = Shockingly unfair
Vacuous = Empty of thought
Venerable = Respected
Venal = Bribable/corrupt
Veracious = Truthful
Verbose = Wordy
Vituperative = Abusive
Vociferous = Loud/forceful
Volatile = Unstable
Wanton = Reckless
Wary = Cautious
Wry = Dryly ironic
Zealous = Enthusiastic
Zealot = Fanatic
Zeitgeist = Spirit of the age

219. ABERRATION

Meaning: A departure from what is normal or expected
Hindi: असामान्यता / विचलन

Synonyms: Anomaly, Deviation, Irregularity, Eccentricity
Antonyms: Normality, Regularity, Conformity

Aberration = something abnormal

Example: The sudden drop in sales was an aberration.

220. ABJURATION

Meaning: A formal renunciation or rejection of something
Hindi: औपचारिक त्याग / परित्याग

Synonyms: Renunciation, Rejection, Forsaking, Abandonment

Abjure = verb
Abjuration = noun

221. ACERBIC

Meaning: Sharp, bitter, or cutting in speech or manner
Hindi: कटु / तीखा / कठोर

Synonyms: Caustic, Sardonic, Acrid, Bitter, Vitriolic
Antonyms: Mild, Gentle, Kind

Example: His acerbic comments offended everyone.

222. ACQUIESCENT

Meaning: Willing to accept something without protest
Hindi: बिना विरोध स्वीकार करने वाला

Synonyms: Compliant, Agreeable, Submissive, Assenting
Antonyms: Resistant, Defiant, Recalcitrant

⚠️ Acquiescent = adjective
Acquiesce = verb

223. ADAMANT

Meaning: Refusing to change one's opinion
Hindi: अडिग / दृढ़ / हठी

Synonyms: Unyielding, Inflexible, Obdurate, Resolute, Intransigent
Antonyms: Flexible, Yielding, Compliant

224. ADMONISH

Meaning: To warn or mildly scold someone
Hindi: चेतावनी देना / डाँटना

Synonyms: Reprimand, Rebuke, Chide, Reprove, Counsel
Antonyms: Praise, Commend, Applaud

⚠️ Admonish usually combines warning + criticism.

225. AEGIS

Meaning: Protection, support, or sponsorship
Hindi: संरक्षण / सहारा

Synonyms: Protection, Patronage, Sponsorship, Safeguard

Example: The project was launched under the aegis of the government.

Under the aegis of = under the protection/support of

226. AFFABLE

Meaning: Friendly and easy to talk to
Hindi: मिलनसार / सौम्य

Synonyms: Amiable, Cordial, Genial, Gregarious, Pleasant
Antonyms: Aloof, Hostile, Unfriendly

227. AGGRANDIZE

Meaning: To increase power, wealth, or importance; especially one's own
Hindi: शक्ति/महत्व बढ़ाना; स्वयं को बड़ा दिखाना

Synonyms: Magnify, Elevate, Enrich, Promote, Exalt

Example: The leader used the speech to aggrandize himself.

228. ANIMADVERSION

Meaning: Strong criticism or censure
Hindi: तीखी आलोचना / निंदा

Synonyms: Criticism, Censure, Reproach, Condemnation
Antonyms: Praise, Commendation, Approval

Animadversion = severe criticism

229. APOTHEOSIS

Meaning: The highest point of development; ideal example; glorification
Hindi: चरमोत्कर्ष / सर्वोच्च रूप / देवत्व प्रदान करना

Synonyms: Pinnacle, Zenith, Culmination, Exaltation
Antonyms: Nadir, Decline, Low point

Example: The performance was the apotheosis of her career.

230. ARBITER

Meaning: A person who settles a dispute or determines a matter
Hindi: निर्णायक / मध्यस्थ

Synonyms: Judge, Adjudicator, Referee, Mediator
Antonyms: Participant, Contestant

231. ARDENT

Meaning: Extremely passionate or enthusiastic
Hindi: उत्साही / जोशीला / भावुक

Synonyms: Fervent, Zealous, Passionate, Fervid
Antonyms: Apathetic, Indifferent, Lukewarm

232. AUSPICIOUS

Meaning: Favorable; indicating future success
Hindi: शुभ / मंगलकारी

Synonyms: Favorable, Propitious, Promising, Fortuitous
Antonyms: Inauspicious, Unfavorable, Ominous

Auspicious beginning = शुभ शुरुआत

233. AVER

Meaning: To state or declare firmly that something is true
Hindi: दृढ़तापूर्वक कहना

Synonyms: Assert, Affirm, Declare, Maintain
Antonyms: Deny, Refute, Retract

234. AVERSION

Meaning: Strong dislike
Hindi: घोर अरुचि / नापसंदगी

Synonyms: Antipathy, Repugnance, Detestation, Dislike
Antonyms: Affection, Fondness, Attraction

235. BALEFUL

Meaning: Harmful or threatening
Hindi: हानिकारक / अशुभ / भयावह

Synonyms: Menacing, Sinister, Malignant, Pernicious, Ominous
Antonyms: Beneficial, Harmless, Benevolent

236. BANAUSIC

Meaning: Concerned with practical matters rather than intellectual or artistic pursuits
Hindi: केवल व्यावहारिक/भौतिक मामलों से संबंधित

Synonyms: Practical, Utilitarian, Materialistic
Antonyms: Idealistic, Intellectual, Artistic

237. BELLWETHER

Meaning: A person or thing that serves as an indicator of future trends
Hindi: भविष्य की दिशा बताने वाला संकेतक

Synonyms: Indicator, Predictor, Guide, Harbinger

Example: The company is considered a bellwether for the technology sector.

238. BUCOLIC

Meaning: Relating to the pleasant countryside
Hindi: ग्रामीण / देहाती और शांत

Synonyms: Pastoral, Rural, Rustic, Countrified
Antonyms: Urban, Metropolitan, Industrial

QUICK TABLE

Word	Hindi Meaning	Best Synonym
Aberration	असामान्यता	Anomaly
Abjuration	औपचारिक त्याग	Renunciation
Acerbic	कटु/तीखा	Caustic
Acquiescent	बिना विरोध मानने वाला	Compliant
Adamant	अडिग	Unyielding
Admonish	चेतावनी/डाँटना	Reprimand
Aegis	संरक्षण	Protection
Affable	मिलनसार	Amiable
Aggrandize	महत्व/शक्ति बढ़ाना	Magnify
Animadversion	तीखी आलोचना	Censure
Apotheosis	चरमोत्कर्ष	Pinnacle
Arbiter	निर्णायक	Adjudicator
Ardent	अत्यंत उत्साही	Fervent
Auspicious	शुभ	Propitious
Aver	दृढ़ता से कहना	Assert
Aversion	घोर नापसंदगी	Antipathy
Baleful	हानिकारक/अशुभ	Menacing
Banausic	व्यावहारिक/भौतिकवादी	Utilitarian
Bellwether	दिशा/भविष्य का संकेतक	Indicator
Bucolic	ग्रामीण/देहाती	Pastoral

ULTRA QUICK REVISION

A to C

Word	Concise Meaning	Synonym
Abstruse	कठिन समझने योग्य	Esoteric
Recondite	दुर्बोध	Obscure
Esoteric	कुछ लोगों को ज्ञात	Arcane
Arcane	दुर्लभ/गुप्त ज्ञान	Obscure
Abstemious	संयमी	Temperate
Abjure	त्याग देना	Renounce
Apocryphal	संदिग्ध प्रामाणिकता	Unverified
Acquiesce	बिना विरोध मानना	Consent
Adumbrate	हल्का संकेत देना	Foreshadow
Ameliorate	सुधारना	Improve
Anachronism	गलत युग की चीज	Misplacement
Antediluvian	बहुत पुराना	Archaic
Apprise	सूचित करना	Inform
Asperity	कठोरता	Harshness
Assuage	कम करना	Alleviate
Austere	सादा/कठोर	Severe
Bombastic	खोखली आडंबरपूर्ण भाषा	Pompous
Capitulate	आत्मसमर्पण करना	Surrender
Castigate	कड़ी आलोचना करना	Rebuke
Circumspect	सावधान	Prudent
Conciliate	शांत/राजी करना	Placate
Contumacious	अवज्ञाकारी	Defiant
Didactic	शिक्षाप्रद	Instructive
Ephemeral	अल्पकालिक	Fleeting
Equanimity	मानसिक शांति	Composure
Excoriate	कड़ी निंदा करना	Denounce
Exigent	अत्यावश्यक	Urgent
Extemporaneous	बिना तैयारी	Impromptu
Harangue	लंबा आक्रामक भाषण	Tirade
Iconoclast	परंपरा को चुनौती देने वाला	Nonconformist
Abrogate	समाप्त/रद्द करना	Repeal
Adroit	कुशल	Skillful
Aesthetic	सौंदर्य संबंधी	Artistic
Alleviate	कम करना	Relieve
Ambivalent	मिश्रित भावनाएँ	Conflicted
Amorphous	अस्पष्ट आकार वाला	Shapeless
Anathema	घोर नापसंद	Abomination
Animosity	शत्रुता	Enmity
Antipathy	गहरी नापसंदगी	Aversion
Arbitrary	मनमाना	Random
Avaricious	धन का लालची	Covetous
Cacophony	कर्कश ध्वनि	Dissonance
Capricious	अप्रत्याशित	Fickle
Clandestine	गुप्त	Covert
Coerce	मजबूर करना	Compel
Complacent	आत्मसंतुष्ट	Smug
Conundrum	कठिन समस्या	Enigma
Corpulent	बहुत मोटा	Obese
Deference	सम्मानपूर्वक अधीनता	Respect
Demur	आपत्ति/संकोच करना	Hesitate
Deride	मजाक उड़ाना	Ridicule
Desultory	बिना उद्देश्य/योजना	Haphazard
Diaphanous	बहुत पतला/पारदर्शी	Sheer

D to H

Word	Meaning	Synonym
Dilatory	विलंबकारी	Slow
Disparate	बिल्कुल अलग	Dissimilar
Dissemble	असली भाव छिपाना	Feign
Dogmatic	कट्टर विचार वाला	Doctrinaire
Ebullient	अत्यंत उत्साही	Exuberant
Egregious	अत्यंत खराब	Flagrant
Elucidate	स्पष्ट करना	Clarify
Emulate	बराबरी/नकल करना	Imitate
Encomium	अत्यधिक प्रशंसा	Panegyric
Endemic	किसी क्षेत्र में सामान्य	Native
Engender	उत्पन्न करना	Generate
Enigmatic	रहस्यमय	Cryptic
Equivocate	अस्पष्ट बोलना	Prevaricate
Erudite	विद्वान	Learned
Exacerbate	और खराब करना	Aggravate
Exculpate	दोषमुक्त करना	Exonerate
Expedite	जल्दी कराना	Accelerate
Expunge	पूरी तरह मिटाना	Erase
Extol	बहुत प्रशंसा करना	Laud
Facetious	अनुचित मजाक करने वाला	Flippant
Fallacious	तर्कहीन/भ्रामक	Invalid
Fecund	अत्यंत उत्पादक	Prolific
Furtive	चोरी-छिपे	Stealthy
Gregarious	मिलनसार	Sociable
Hackneyed	घिसा-पिटा	Clichéd
Impecunious	निर्धन	Penniless
Imperturbable	शांत/अविचल	Unflappable

I to P

Word	Meaning	Synonym
Impinge	प्रभावित/अतिक्रमण करना	Affect
Implacable	शांत न किया जा सके	Relentless
Implicit	अप्रत्यक्ष	Tacit
Impute	आरोप/श्रेय देना	Ascribe
Inchoate	अविकसित	Rudimentary
Incorrigible	सुधरने योग्य नहीं	Irreformable
Indefatigable	अथक	Tireless
Indolent	आलसी	Slothful
Ineffable	अवर्णनीय	Inexpressible
Ingenuous	भोला/ईमानदार	Naive
Innate	जन्मजात	Inherent
Inordinate	अत्यधिक	Excessive
Insidious	छिपकर हानिकारक	Treacherous
Inveterate	पुरानी आदत वाला	Chronic
Irascible	जल्दी गुस्सा होने वाला	Irritable
Lethargic	सुस्त	Sluggish
Lucid	स्पष्ट	Clear
Malevolent	बुरा चाहने वाला	Malicious
Mercurial	तेजी से बदलने वाला	Volatile
Meticulous	अत्यंत सावधान	Scrupulous
Munificent	अत्यंत उदार	Bountiful
Myriad	असंख्य	Countless
Nefarious	घोर दुष्ट	Heinous
Noxious	विषैला/हानिकारक	Toxic
Obsequious	चापलूस	Servile
Obviate	जरूरत खत्म करना	Preclude
Onerous	बोझिल	Burdensome
Ostensible	दिखने में/कथित	Apparent
Panacea	रामबाण उपाय	Cure-all
Paradigm	प्रतिमान/मॉडल	Pattern
Pedantic	नियमों पर जरूरत से ज्यादा जोर	Formalistic
Penurious	कंजूस/निर्धन	Miserly
Plethora	भरमार	Excess
Precarious	जोखिमपूर्ण	Perilous
Preclude	रोकना	Prevent
Prodigal	फिजूलखर्च	Wasteful
Profligate	चरित्रहीन/अत्यधिक अपव्ययी	Depraved
Propensity	प्रवृत्ति	Inclination
Protean	बहुरूपी/परिवर्तनशील	Versatile
Predilection	विशेष पसंद	Preference
Propriety	उचित व्यवहार	Decorum
Punctilious	नियम/विवरण में अत्यंत सावधान	Meticulous

R to Z

Word	Meaning	Synonym
Redoubtable	दुर्जेय	Formidable
Refractory	नियंत्रण का विरोधी	Intractable
Reticent	बोलने में अनिच्छुक	Reserved
Recrudescent	फिर से सक्रिय	Resurgent
Redolent	सुगंधित/याद दिलाने वाला	Evocative
Salubrious	स्वास्थ्यवर्धक	Wholesome
Sardonic	कटु व्यंग्यात्मक	Cynical
Sedulous	मेहनती/लगनशील	Assiduous
Spurious	नकली/झूठा	Bogus
Stolid	भावशून्य	Impassive
Supercilious	घमंडी	Haughty
Surreptitious	चोरी-छिपे	Stealthy
Tantamount	बराबर के प्रभाव वाला	Equivalent
Tenacious	दृढ़/जुझारू	Persistent
Tirade	क्रोधित लंबा भाषण	Harangue
Torpid	सुस्त	Lethargic
Tractable	आसानी से नियंत्रित	Manageable
Transient	अस्थायी	Fleeting
Truculent	आक्रामक	Belligerent
Turpitude	नैतिक पतन	Depravity
Tenuous	कमजोर/अनिश्चित	Flimsy
Trenchant	तीखा/प्रभावशाली	Incisive
Ubiquitous	हर जगह	Omnipresent
Unctuous	अत्यधिक चापलूस	Sycophantic
Unconscionable	अत्यंत अनुचित	Outrageous
Unprepossessing	पहली नजर में साधारण	Unremarkable
Vacuous	विचारहीन/खोखला	Inane
Venerable	आदरणीय	Revered
Venal	रिश्वतखोर/भ्रष्ट	Corrupt
Veracious	सत्यवादी	Truthful
Verbose	जरूरत से ज्यादा शब्दों वाला	Wordy
Vituperative	कटु/अपमानजनक	Abusive
Vociferous	जोरदार/उच्च स्वर वाला	Vehement
Volatile	अस्थिर	Unstable
Wanton	बेलगाम/निर्दयी	Reckless
Wary	सावधान	Cautious
Willy-nilly	बेतरतीब/चाहे-अनचाहे	Randomly
Wizen(ed)	झुर्रीदार/सिकुड़ा	Shriveled
Wry	सूखा व्यंग्यात्मक	Ironic
Zealous	अत्यंत उत्साही	Fervent
Zealot	कट्टर समर्थक	Fanatic
Zeitgeist	युग की मानसिकता	Spirit of age

सबसे जरूरी CONFUSION PAIRS

Pair	याद रखने का तरीका
Veracious / Voracious	Truthful / Very hungry
Wary / Weary	Cautious / Tired
Zealous / Zealot	Enthusiastic / Fanatic
Reticent / Taciturn	Reluctant to speak / Habitually quiet
Spurious / Fallacious	False / Faulty reasoning
Tractable / Intractable	Easy to control / Difficult to control
Pedantic / Meticulous	Rules/details पर जरूरत से ज्यादा focus / Extremely careful
Propensity / Proclivity	Natural tendency / Natural tendency
Prodigal / Profligate	Wasteful / Morally corrupt or recklessly wasteful
Obsequious / Sycophantic	Excessively submissive / Excessive flatterer
Preclude / Obviate	Prevent / Remove the need
Noxious / Pernicious	Harmful/toxic / Gradually harmful
Sardonic / Sarcastic	Grim cynical mockery / Mocking irony
Munificent / Magnanimous	Extremely generous / Generous & forgiving
Penurious / Parsimonious	Stingy / Unwilling to spend

SUPER-FAST REVISION FORMULA

Opprobrium → Severe criticism
Portend → Foretell
Prevaricate → Avoid truth
Ostensible → Apparent
Pernicious → Harmful
Ubiquitous → Everywhere
Laconic → Few words
Garrulous → Talkative
Obdurate → Stubborn
Mendacious → Dishonest
Assiduous → Diligent
Intransigent → Uncompromising
Sycophantic → Flattering
Supercilious → Arrogant
Perfidious → Treacherous
Sagacious → Wise
Impetuous → Rash
Abjure → Renounce
Calumny → Slander
Cogent → Convincing
Enervate → Weaken
Fastidious → Very particular
Fatuous → Silly
Inexorable → Unstoppable
Obfuscate → Confuse
Quixotic → Impractical idealism
Sanguine → Optimistic
Apodictic → Certain
Castigate → Scold severely
Equanimity → Composure
Exigent → Urgent
Iconoclast → Tradition challenger
Abrogate → Repeal
Ambivalent → Mixed feelings
Avaricious → Greedy
Clandestine → Secret
Conundrum → Difficult problem
Dilatory → Delaying
Dissemble → Conceal
Egregious → Shockingly bad
Elucidate → Clarify
Erudite → Learned
Exacerbate → Worsen
Expunge → Erase
Extol → Praise highly
Impecunious → Poor
Imperturbable → Calm
Insidious → Secretly harmful
Inveterate → Deep-rooted
Irascible → Short-tempered
Mercurial → Unpredictable
Nefarious → Wicked
Obsequious → Servile
Panacea → Cure-all
Plethora → Excess
Precarious → Risky
Profligate → Depraved
Protean → Changeable
Redoubtable → Formidable
Refractory → Resistant
Salubrious → Healthy
Spurious → Fake
Tantamount → Equivalent
Tenacious → Persistent
Turpitude → Moral depravity
Tenuous → Weak
Unctuous → Excessively flattering
Venal → Bribable
Veracious → Truthful
Vituperative → Abusive
Vociferous → Loud/forceful
Volatile → Unstable
Zeitgeist → Spirit of an age

C–F Advanced Vocabulary

239. CACOPHANOUS

Meaning: Producing a harsh mixture of unpleasant sounds
Hindi: कर्कश ध्वनि वाला

Synonyms: Discordant, Dissonant, Jarring, Harsh
Antonyms: Melodious, Harmonious

Cacophony = noun | Cacophonous = adjective

240. CAUSTIC

Meaning: Severely critical or sarcastic; capable of burning/corroding

Hindi: कटु / तीखा / व्यंग्यात्मक

Synonyms: Acerbic, Vitriolic, Sardonic, Scathing, Corrosive
Antonyms: Mild, Gentle, Soothing

Example: The journalist made a caustic remark about the policy.

241. CHICANERY

Meaning: Use of deception or dishonest tricks to achieve something

Hindi: छल-कपट / धोखाधड़ी

Synonyms: Deception, Trickery, Fraud, Guile, Subterfuge
Antonyms: Honesty, Sincerity, Integrity

Chicanery = dishonest cleverness

242. CHIMERICAL

Meaning: Imaginary, unrealistic, or impossible

Hindi: काल्पनिक / अवास्तविक

Synonyms: Fanciful, Unrealistic, Illusory, Quixotic, Fantastic
Antonyms: Realistic, Practical, Pragmatic

243. CIRCUMLOCUTION

Meaning: Using many words instead of saying something directly

Hindi: घुमा-फिराकर बोलना

Synonyms: Verbosity, Periphrasis, Wordiness, Indirectness
Antonyms: Brevity, Conciseness, Directness

Circumlocution = बात को सीधे न बोलकर घुमाना

244. CLARION

Meaning: Very clear and powerful, especially a call or message

Hindi: स्पष्ट और जोरदार

Synonyms: Clear, Resounding, Distinct, Loud
Antonyms: Muffled, Unclear, Indistinct

Example: She issued a clarion call for reform.

Clarion call = powerful call to action

245. COERCIVE

Meaning: Using force or threats to make someone do something

Hindi: जबरदस्ती करने वाला

Synonyms: Compelling, Forceful, Pressuring, Intimidating
Antonyms: Voluntary, Persuasive, Permissive

246. COGITATE

Meaning: To think deeply about something

Hindi: गहराई से विचार करना

Synonyms: Contemplate, Ponder, Reflect, Deliberate, Meditate
Antonyms: Ignore, Disregard

Cogitate = Think deeply

247. CONCOMITANT

Meaning: Existing or occurring together with something else

Hindi: साथ-साथ होने वाला

Synonyms: Accompanying, Concurrent, Coexisting, Simultaneous
Antonyms: Separate, Independent

Example: Stress is often a concomitant of a demanding career.

248. CONFLATE

Meaning: To combine two or more things into one, often incorrectly

Hindi: दो चीजों को मिलाकर एक समझ लेना

Synonyms: Combine, Merge, Fuse, Blend, Confound
Antonyms: Separate, Distinguish, Differentiate

⚠️ Conflate ≠ Compare

Conflate = merge things, often causing confusion.

249. CONTUMELY

Meaning: Insulting or abusive language; humiliation

Hindi: अपमान / गाली-गलौज

Synonyms: Insult, Abuse, Contempt, Derision, Vilification
Antonyms: Praise, Respect, Honour

🧠 Contumely = insulting treatment

250. CORROBORATE

Meaning: To confirm or support a statement with evidence

Hindi: पुष्टि करना / प्रमाण से समर्थन करना

Synonyms: Confirm, Verify, Substantiate, Validate, Authenticate
Antonyms: Contradict, Refute, Disprove

251. CREDULOUS

Meaning: Too ready to believe things

Hindi: आसानी से विश्वास करने वाला

Synonyms: Gullible, Naive, Trusting, Unsuspecting
Antonyms: Skeptical, Disbelieving, Suspicious

⚠️ Credulous ≠ Credible

Credulous person = easily believes
Credible information = believable/reliable

252. CUPIDITY

Meaning: Excessive greed for wealth or possessions

Hindi: लालच / लोभ

Synonyms: Greed, Avarice, Covetousness, Rapacity
Antonyms: Generosity, Selflessness, Altruism

253. DEBACLE

Meaning: A sudden and complete failure or disaster

Hindi: पूर्ण विफलता / भारी असफलता

Synonyms: Disaster, Fiasco, Catastrophe, Collapse
Antonyms: Triumph, Success, Victory

Example: The project ended in a complete debacle.

254. DESICCATE

Meaning: To dry out completely

Hindi: पूरी तरह सुखा देना

Synonyms: Dry, Dehydrate, Wither, Parche
Antonyms: Moisten, Hydrate, Soak

Desiccated = completely dried

255. DIATRIBE

Meaning: A long angry speech or piece of writing attacking someone/something

Hindi: तीखा/क्रोधित भाषण या लेख

Synonyms: Tirade, Harangue, Rant, Invective
Antonyms: Praise, Commendation

Remember: Diatribe = angry attack in words

256. DIFFIDENT

Meaning: Lacking confidence; shy

Hindi: आत्मविश्वास की कमी वाला

Synonyms: Shy, Hesitant, Bashful, Timid, Reticent
Antonyms: Confident, Assertive, Bold

257. DILETTANTE

Meaning: A person who has an interest in a subject but is not serious or deeply knowledgeable

Hindi: शौकिया व्यक्ति / सतही ज्ञान वाला

Synonyms: Amateur, Nonprofessional, Tyro, Novice
Antonyms: Expert, Professional, Specialist

258. DISPARAGE

Meaning: To speak about someone/something as less important or valuable

Hindi: नीचा दिखाना / तुच्छ बताना

Synonyms: Belittle, Denigrate, Deprecate, Ridicule, Vilify
Antonyms: Praise, Exalt, Commend

259. DISSIMULATE

Meaning: To hide one's true feelings or intentions

Hindi: वास्तविक भावनाएँ/इरादे छिपाना

Synonyms: Dissemble, Conceal, Feign, Pretend, Mask
Antonyms: Reveal, Disclose, Express

Trap

Dissimulate = hide one's true feelings
Disseminate = spread information

260. EFFRONTERY

Meaning: Shameless boldness or disrespectful confidence

Hindi: ढिठाई / बेशर्मी

Synonyms: Audacity, Impudence, Insolence, Boldness, Brazen behaviour
Antonyms: Modesty, Humility, Timidity

Example: He had the effrontery to demand an apology from his victim.

261. ENERVATION

Meaning: A state of weakness or loss of energy

Hindi: कमजोरी / ऊर्जा की कमी

Synonyms: Weakness, Debility, Exhaustion, Languor
Antonyms: Strength, Vigour, Vitality

Enervate = weaken
Enervation = weakness

262. EXTRANEOUS

Meaning: Irrelevant or unnecessary to the matter being discussed

Hindi: अप्रासंगिक / अनावश्यक

Synonyms: Irrelevant, Unrelated, Immaterial, Superfluous
Antonyms: Relevant, Pertinent, Essential

Example: Remove all extraneous information from the answer.

263. EXPEDIENT

Meaning: Convenient or practical, especially for achieving a particular purpose

Hindi: सुविधाजनक / व्यावहारिक उपाय

Synonyms: Practical, Convenient, Advantageous, Pragmatic
Antonyms: Impractical, Inconvenient

⚠️ Expedient ≠ Expedite

Expedient = practical/convenient
Expedite = make faster

264. EXTRICATE

Meaning: Free someone/something from difficulty or a difficult situation

Hindi: कठिनाई से निकालना

Synonyms: Free, Liberate, Rescue, Release, Disentangle
Antonyms: Entrap, Imprison, Ensnare

265. FOMENT

Meaning: To encourage or stir up trouble, rebellion, or unrest

Hindi: भड़काना / अशांति पैदा करना

Synonyms: Incite, Instigate, Provoke, Agitate, Kindle
Antonyms: Suppress, Calm, Pacify

Example: The speech was accused of fomenting unrest.

266. FRUGAL

Meaning: Economical; avoiding unnecessary expenditure

Hindi: मितव्ययी

Synonyms: Thrifty, Economical, Sparing, Provident
Antonyms: Extravagant, Prodigal, Wasteful

⚠️ Frugal = positive
Stingy = negative

267. FULSOME

Meaning: Excessive and insincere, especially praise; sometimes simply abundant/full

Hindi: अतिशय / जरूरत से ज्यादा, अक्सर बनावटी प्रशंसा

Synonyms: Excessive, Lavish, Extravagant, Unctuous
Antonyms: Restrained, Moderate, Sincere

⚠️ Fulsome praise can imply excessive or insincere praise.

QUICK REVISION TABLE

Word	Hindi	Best Synonym
Cacophonous	कर्कश	Discordant
Caustic	कटु	Scathing
Chicanery	छल-कपट	Trickery
Chimerical	अवास्तविक	Unrealistic
Circumlocution	घुमा-फिराकर बोलना	Verbosity
Clarion	जोरदार/स्पष्ट	Resounding
Coercive	जबरदस्ती वाला	Forceful
Cogitate	गहराई से सोचना	Ponder
Concomitant	साथ-साथ होने वाला	Accompanying
Conflate	मिला देना	Merge
Contumely	अपमान	Abuse
Corroborate	पुष्टि करना	Confirm
Credulous	आसानी से विश्वास करने वाला	Gullible
Cupidity	लालच	Avarice
Debacle	भारी विफलता	Fiasco
Desiccate	सुखा देना	Dehydrate
Diatribe	क्रोधित आलोचना	Tirade
Diffident	आत्मविश्वासहीन	Timid
Dilettante	शौकिया	Amateur
Disparage	नीचा दिखाना	Belittle
Dissimilate	भाव छिपाना	Conceal
Effrontery	ढिठाई	Impudence
Enervation	कमजोरी	Debility
Extraneous	अप्रासंगिक	Irrelevant
Expedient	व्यावहारिक	Practical
Extricate	कठिनाई से निकालना	Liberate
Foment	भड़काना	Incite
Frugal	मितव्ययी	Thrifty
Fulsome	अतिशय/बनावटी	Excessive

MOST IMPORTANT CONFUSION PAIRS

Word	Meaning	Don't confuse with
Credulous	Easily believing	Credible = believable
Expedient	Practical	Expedite = hasten
Dissimulate	Hide feelings	Disseminate = spread
Circumlocution	Indirect/wordy speech	Concision = brevity
Conflate	Merge incorrectly	Differentiate = distinguish
Frugal	Economical	Stingy = unwilling to spend
Chimerical	Unrealistic	Pragmatic = practical
Fulsome	Excessive/insincere	Sincere = genuine

ROOT-BASED VOCABULARY

🔹 CRED = BELIEVE

Credulous → easily believes
Credible → believable
Incredible → unbelievable
Credence → belief
Credibility → believability

🔹 FOMENT = STIR UP

Foment → stir up trouble
Ferment → state of agitation/active change
Fomentation → encouragement/incitement

Foment = trouble को भड़काना

🔹 DICT = SPEAK/SAY

Contradict → speak against
Dictate → say/order
Predict → say beforehand
Verdict → authoritative decision
Dictum → authoritative statement

🔹 JECT = THROW

Reject → throw back
Inject → throw/push in
Eject → throw out
Project → throw forward
Interject → throw into conversation

MINI TEST

Q1. Chicanery means:
A) Honesty
B) Deception
C) Courage
D) Generosity

Q2. “Conflate” means:
A) Separate
B) Combine, often incorrectly
C) Explain
D) Reject

Q3. A credulous person is:
A) Skeptical
B) Easily deceived/believing
C) Arrogant
D) Aggressive

Q4. “Effrontery” means:
A) Humility
B) Shameless boldness
C) Fear
D) Wisdom

Q5. To “foment” unrest means to:
A) Suppress it
B) Encourage/stir it up
C) Ignore it
D) Resolve it

Q6. “Extraneous” information is:
A) Essential
B) Relevant
C) Unnecessary/irrelevant
D) Accurate

Q7. A dilettante is generally:
A) A specialist
B) An expert
C) An amateur with superficial interest
D) A professional

Q8. “Debacle” means:
A) Triumph
B) Complete failure
C) Agreement
D) Improvement

Q9. “Caustic” criticism is:
A) Gentle
B) Mild
C) Cutting and severe
D) Complimentary

Q10. “Circumlocution” involves:
A) Speaking directly
B) Using unnecessary indirect words
C) Remaining silent
D) Giving evidence

Answers: 1-B | 2-B | 3-B | 4-B | 5-B | 6-C | 7-C | 8-B | 9-C | 10-B

30-SECOND REVISION

Chicanery = Deception
Chimerical = Unrealistic
Circumlocution = Indirect speech
Caustic = Cutting
Cogitate = Think deeply
Concomitant = Accompanying
Conflate = Merge
Corroborate = Confirm
Credulous = Gullible
Cupidity = Greed
Debacle = Disaster/failure
Diatribe = Angry attack
Dilettante = Amateur
Disparage = Belittle
Dissimulate = Conceal
Effrontery = Shameless boldness
Extraneous = Irrelevant
Expedient = Practical
Extricate = Free from difficulty
Foment = Incite
Frugal = Economical
Fulsome = Excessive/insincere

268. GARRULOUS

Meaning: Excessively talkative
Hindi: बहुत ज्यादा बोलने वाला

Synonyms: Loquacious, Verbose, Talkative, Prolix
Antonyms: Taciturn, Reticent, Laconic

Garrulous = talks too much

269. GRANDILOQUENT

Meaning: Using complicated, impressive-sounding language to appear important

Hindi: आडंबरपूर्ण भाषा वाला

Synonyms: Bombastic, Rhetorical, Pompous, High-flown
Antonyms: Simple, Plain, Unpretentious

Example: His grandiloquent speech contained little useful information.

Grandiloquent ≈ Bombastic

270. GUILE

Meaning: Clever but dishonest way of achieving something

Hindi: छल-कपट / धूर्तता

Synonyms: Deceit, Cunning, Trickery, Craftiness, Deception
Antonyms: Honesty, Sincerity, Frankness

Guile = clever deception

271. GULLIBLE

Meaning: Easily persuaded to believe something false

Hindi: आसानी से धोखा खाने वाला

Synonyms: Credulous, Naive, Unsuspecting, Trusting
Antonyms: Skeptical, Suspicious, Discerning

Gullible ≈ Credulous

272. HERMETIC

Meaning: Completely sealed; also very difficult for outsiders to understand

Hindi: पूरी तरह बंद / गूढ़

Synonyms: Sealed, Closed, Esoteric, Inaccessible
Antonyms: Open, Accessible, Transparent

Hermetic seal = airtight seal

273. HEGEMONY

Meaning: Dominant influence or leadership of one group/country over others

Hindi: प्रभुत्व / वर्चस्व

Synonyms: Dominance, Supremacy, Authority, Control
Antonyms: Subordination, Inferiority, Submission

Example: The country sought regional hegemony.

274. HEINOUS

Meaning: Extremely wicked or shocking

Hindi: जघन्य / घोर दुष्ट

Synonyms: Nefarious, Atrocious, Monstrous, Abominable, Villainous
Antonyms: Virtuous, Noble, Admirable

Heinous crime = जघन्य अपराध

275. HISTRIONIC

Meaning: Excessively dramatic or theatrical behaviour

Hindi: नाटकीय / दिखावटी

Synonyms: Dramatic, Theatrical, Exaggerated, Melodramatic
Antonyms: Restrained, Calm, Natural

Example: His histrionic reaction surprised everyone.

276. HOMILY

Meaning: A moral or religious lecture, often giving advice

Hindi: नैतिक/धार्मिक उपदेश

Synonyms: Sermon, Lecture, Moralizing, Admonition

Homily can also mean a tedious moralizing speech.

277. ICONOCLASTIC

Meaning: Challenging established beliefs or traditions

Hindi: परंपराओं/मान्यताओं को चुनौती देने वाला

Synonyms: Nonconformist, Revolutionary, Unorthodox, Radical
Antonyms: Conventional, Orthodox, Traditional

Iconoclast = person
Iconoclastic = adjective

278. IDIOSYNCRASY

Meaning: A peculiar habit or characteristic of a person

Hindi: व्यक्तिगत विचित्र आदत/विशेषता

Synonyms: Peculiarity, Quirk, Eccentricity, Oddity
Antonyms: Normality, Conventionality

Example: His habit of arranging books by colour is an idiosyncrasy.

279. IGNOMINIOUS

Meaning: Deserving or causing shame and disgrace

Hindi: अपमानजनक / शर्मनाक

Synonyms: Disgraceful, Shameful, Dishonourable, Humiliating
Antonyms: Honourable, Glorious, Dignified

Ignominy = shame/disgrace

280. IMBROGLIO

Meaning: A complicated and confusing situation, especially a dispute

Hindi: उलझी हुई स्थिति / जटिल विवाद

Synonyms: Confusion, Complication, Entanglement, Quandary
Antonyms: Clarity, Simplicity, Resolution

Example: The company became involved in a legal imbroglio.

281. INELUCTABLE

Meaning: Unable to be avoided or escaped

Hindi: अपरिहार्य / जिससे बचना संभव न हो

Synonyms: Inevitable, Unavoidable, Inescapable, Certain
Antonyms: Avoidable, Preventable, Uncertain

Ineluctable = impossible to escape

282. INIMICALITY-FREE UNIQUE WORD: INVIDIOUS

Meaning: Likely to cause resentment because it is unfair or discriminatory; also envious

Hindi: ईर्ष्यापूर्ण / अनुचित और resentment पैदा करने वाला

Synonyms: Envious, Unfair, Discriminatory, Offensive
Antonyms: Fair, Impartial, Equitable

Invidious comparison = unfair comparison likely to cause resentment.

283. INVECTIVE

Meaning: Abusive or insulting language

Hindi: अपशब्द / तीखी निंदा

Synonyms: Abuse, Insults, Vituperation, Verbal attack
Antonyms: Praise, Commendation, Compliment

Chain

Invective → Vituperative → Diatribe → Tirade

284. JUDICIOUS

Meaning: Showing good judgment

Hindi: विवेकपूर्ण / समझदारी भरा

Synonyms: Wise, Sensible, Prudent, Sagacious, Discerning
Antonyms: Foolish, Imprudent, Rash

Example: She made a judicious investment decision.

285. LACERATE

Meaning: To cut or tear deeply; to cause severe emotional pain

Hindi: गहरा घाव करना / मानसिक रूप से आहत करना

Synonyms: Cut, Tear, Wound, Aggrieve, Hurt
Antonyms: Heal, Soothe, Comfort

286. LACHRYMOSE

Meaning: Tearful or mournful

Hindi: अश्रुपूर्ण / बहुत दुखी

Synonyms: Tearful, Mournful, Sorrowful, Weepy
Antonyms: Cheerful, Joyful, Ebullient

Lachrymal = related to tears

287. LASSITUDE

Meaning: A state of physical or mental tiredness

Hindi: थकान / शिथिलता

Synonyms: Fatigue, Weariness, Lethargy, Exhaustion, Listlessness
Antonyms: Energy, Vigour, Vitality

288. LITIGIOUS

Meaning: Frequently involved in lawsuits or inclined to engage in legal disputes

Hindi: मुकदमेबाजी करने वाला

Synonyms: Quarrelsome, Contentious, Legalistic
Antonyms: Peaceful, Conciliatory, Cooperative

289. LOQUACIOUS

Meaning: Tending to talk a lot

Hindi: बहुत बोलने वाला

Synonyms: Garrulous, Verbose, Talkative, Voluble, Prolix
Antonyms: Taciturn, Laconic, Reticent

Loquacious = Garrulous

QUICK REVISION TABLE

Word	Hindi Meaning	Best Synonym
Garrulous	बहुत बोलने वाला	Loquacious
Grandiloquent	आडंबरपूर्ण भाषा	Bombastic
Guile	छल-कपट	Deceit
Gullible	आसानी से विश्वास करने वाला	Credulous
Hermetic	पूरी तरह बंद/गूढ़	Sealed
Hegemony	प्रभुत्व	Dominance
Heinous	जघन्य	Atrocious
Histrionic	अत्यधिक नाटकीय	Theatrical
Homily	नैतिक उपदेश	Sermon
Iconoclastic	परंपरा-विरोधी	Unorthodox
Idiosyncrasy	व्यक्तिगत विचित्रता	Peculiarity
Ignominious	शर्मनाक	Disgraceful
Imbroglio	जटिल उलझन	Complication
Ineluctable	अपरिहार्य	Inevitable
Invidious	ईर्ष्यापूर्ण/अनुचित	Unfair
Invective	अपशब्द/तीखी निंदा	Abuse
Judicious	विवेकपूर्ण	Prudent
Lacerate	गहरा घाव/आहत करना	Wound
Lachrymose	अश्रुपूर्ण	Tearful
Lassitude	थकान	Fatigue
Litigious	मुकदमेबाज	Contentious
Loquacious	बहुत बोलने वाला	Garrulous

MOST IMPORTANT CONFUSION PAIRS

Pair	Difference
Garrulous / Laconic	Very talkative / Very brief
Gullible / Credulous	दोनों = easily believing
Grandiloquent / Bombastic	दोनों = pompous language
Heinous / Nefarious	Both = extremely wicked
Histrionic / Theatrical	Excessively dramatic / theatrical
Iconoclastic / Conventional	Tradition-challenging / traditional
Ignominious / Glorious	Shameful / honourable
Ineluctable / Inevitable	Both = unavoidable
Invidious / Envious	Unfair/resentment-causing / jealous
Invective / Compliment	Abuse / praise
Judicious / Impetuous	Wise judgment / rash action
Lassitude / Alacrity	Tiredness / eager readiness
Loquacious / Taciturn	Talkative / quiet

ROOT-BASED VOCABULARY

🔹 LOQU / LOC = SPEAK

Loquacious → talkative
Eloquent → fluent/persuasive in speech
Soliloquy → speaking one's thoughts aloud
Colloquial → conversational language
Circumlocution → indirect/roundabout speech

LOQU = बोलना

🔹 MAL = BAD

Malevolent → wishing harm
Maleficent → causing harm
Malicious → intending harm
Maladroit → clumsy/unskilled
Malcontent → dissatisfied person

MAL = BAD

🔹 BEN = GOOD

Benevolent → well-meaning/kind
Beneficent → doing good
Benign → harmless/kind
Benefit → advantage/good

BEN = GOOD

🔹 LUC / LUM = LIGHT

Lucid → clear
Lucidity → clarity
Illuminate → provide light/clarity
Luminescent → emitting light

LUC/LUM = LIGHT

🔹 MORT = DEATH

Mortal → subject to death
Immortal → not subject to death
Mortuary → place related to dead bodies
Mortify → originally connected with death; now humiliate

MORT = DEATH

MINI TEST

Q1. A garrulous person is:
A) Silent
B) Talkative
C) Hostile
D) Cowardly

Q2. “Hegemony” means:
A) Equality
B) Dominance
C) Poverty
D) Confusion

Q3. A heinous crime is:
A) Minor
B) Extremely wicked
C) Accidental
D) Forgivable

Q4. “Imbroglio” means:
A) Simple solution
B) Complicated situation
C) Celebration
D) Agreement

Q5. “Ineluctable” means:
A) Avoidable
B) Unavoidable
C) Temporary
D) Uncertain

Q6. “Judicious” decision means:
A) Foolish decision
B) Wise decision
C) Emotional decision
D) Random decision

Q7. “Lachrymose” means:
A) Joyful
B) Tearful
C) Angry
D) Energetic

Q8. “Guile” means:
A) Honesty
B) Deceitful cleverness
C) Courage
D) Generosity

Q9. “Invective” refers to:
A) Praise
B) Abusive language
C) Advice
D) Agreement

Q10. A “litigious” person is one who:
A) Avoids disputes
B) Frequently engages in legal disputes
C) Is extremely generous
D) Is very quiet

Answers: 1-B | 2-B | 3-B | 4-B | 5-B | 6-B | 7-B | 8-B | 9-B | 10-B

20-SECOND REVISION

Garrulous = Talkative
Grandiloquent = Pompous language
Guile = Deception
Gullible = Easily fooled
Hermetic = Sealed/closed
Hegemony = Dominance
Heinous = Extremely wicked
Histrionic = Overly dramatic
Homily = Moral lecture
Iconoclastic = Tradition-challenging
Idiosyncrasy = Peculiarity
Ignominious = Shameful
Imbroglio = Complicated mess
Ineluctable = Unavoidable
Invidious = Unfair/resentment-causing
Invective = Verbal abuse
Judicious = Wise
Lacerate = Wound deeply
Lachrymose = Tearful
Lassitude = Fatigue
Litigious = Lawsuit-prone
Loquacious = Talkative

290. MAGNILOQUENT

Meaning: Using grand, impressive, but often exaggerated language
Hindi: आडंबरपूर्ण / बड़े-बड़े शब्दों वाला

Synonyms: Grandiloquent, Bombastic, Pompous, High-flown
Antonyms: Simple, Plain, Unpretentious

🧠 Magniloquent ≈ Grandiloquent

291. MALADROIT

🔥 IMPORTANT

Meaning: Clumsy or lacking skill
Hindi: अनाड़ी / भद्दा / अकुशल

Synonyms: Clumsy, Awkward, Inept, Unskilled
Antonyms: Adroit, Dexterous, Skillful

⚠️ Maladroit ↔ Adroit

292. MALAPROPISM

🔥🔥 RARE EXAM WORD

Meaning: Using an incorrect word that sounds similar to the intended word

Hindi: समान ध्वनि वाले गलत शब्द का प्रयोग

Example: Using “prostrate” instead of “prostate”.

🧠 Malapropism = wrong similar-sounding word

293. MALEDICTION

Meaning: A curse or expression of evil wishing
Hindi: शाप / अभिशाप

Synonyms: Curse, Imprecation, Anathema
Antonyms: Benediction, Blessing, Benediction

🔥 Malediction ↔ Benediction

294. MALEVOLENT

Already covered, so replacing it.

294. MALLEABLE

Meaning: Easily influenced, shaped, or changed
Hindi: आसानी से ढलने वाला / प्रभावित होने वाला

Synonyms: Pliable, Flexible, Adaptable, Impressionable
Antonyms: Rigid, Inflexible, Intransigent

⚠️ Malleable can refer to both physical material and personality.

295. MALEVOLENT → SKIP

295. MERETRICIOUS

🔥🔥 VERY TOUGH

Meaning: Attractive but without real value; flashy and insincere

Hindi: दिखावटी आकर्षक लेकिन घटिया/मूल्यहीन

Synonyms: Tawdry, Showy, Pretentious, Insincere
Antonyms: Genuine, Sincere, Substantial

🧠 Meretricious = flashy but worthless

296. METEORIC

Meaning: Very rapid or sudden in development/success

Hindi: बहुत तेजी से उभरने वाला

Synonyms: Rapid, Swift, Sudden, Accelerated
Antonyms: Gradual, Slow, Steady

Example:
The player enjoyed a meteoric rise to fame.

297. MODICUM

🔥🔥 IMPORTANT

Meaning: A small amount

Hindi: थोड़ी मात्रा

Synonyms: Little, Small amount, Iota, Tinge
Antonyms: Abundance, Plethora, Excess

Example:
He showed not a modicum of regret.

🧠 Modicum = a little bit

298. MOROSE

Meaning: Sullen, gloomy, bad-tempered

Hindi: उदास और चिड़चिड़ा

Synonyms: Gloomy, Sullen, Glum, Sulky
Antonyms: Cheerful, Ebullient, Jovial

⚠️ Morose ≠ merely sad; it often implies a gloomy, withdrawn mood.

299. MUNIFICENCE

Meaning: Extreme generosity

Hindi: अत्यधिक उदारता

Synonyms: Generosity, Bounty, Liberality, Magnanimity
Antonyms: Stinginess, Miserliness, Parsimony

🧠 Munificent = adjective
🧠 Munificence = noun

300. NEBULOUS

🔥🔥 VERY IMPORTANT

Meaning: Unclear, vague, or poorly defined

Hindi: अस्पष्ट / धुंधला / अनिश्चित

Synonyms: Vague, Ambiguous, Unclear, Indistinct
Antonyms: Clear, Definite, Precise

Example:
The proposal remained nebulous.

301. NEFARIOUS

Already covered, so new:

301. NOISOME

🔥 TOUGH

Meaning: Extremely unpleasant or offensive, especially in smell

Hindi: दुर्गंधयुक्त / अत्यंत अप्रिय

Synonyms: Foul, Offensive, Noxious, Repulsive
Antonyms: Fragrant, Pleasant, Sweet-smelling

⚠️ Noisome ≠ Noisy

302. NONPLUS

🔥🔥 IMPORTANT

Meaning: A state of confusion where one does not know what to do or say

Hindi: असमंजस / हक्का-बक्का स्थिति

Synonyms: Perplexity, Confusion, Bewilderment, Dilemma
Antonyms: Certainty, Clarity, Confidence

Example:
The unexpected question left him at a nonplus.

303. OBLOQUY

🔥🔥🔥 VERY IMPORTANT

Meaning: Strong public criticism or verbal abuse

Hindi: सार्वजनिक निंदा / अपमान

Synonyms: Opprobrium, Abuse, Censure, Vituperation
Antonyms: Praise, Acclaim, Commendation

🧠 Opprobrium ≈ Obloquy

304. OBTUSE

Meaning: Slow to understand; not mentally sharp

Hindi: मंदबुद्धि / समझने में धीमा

Synonyms: Dull, Stupid, Insensitive, Thick
Antonyms: Acute, Astute, Perspicacious, Sharp

⚠️ Obtuse angle = >90° and <180°
Vocabulary + Maths दोनों में useful.

305. ONTOLOGICAL

🔥🔥 ADVANCED

Meaning: Related to the nature of being or existence

Hindi: अस्तित्व संबंधी

Synonyms: Existential, Metaphysical, Philosophical
Antonyms: —

🧠 Ontology = study of existence/being

306. OPULENT

Meaning: Very wealthy, luxurious, or richly decorated

Hindi: समृद्ध / ऐश्वर्यपूर्ण

Synonyms: Luxurious, Affluent, Lavish, Magnificent
Antonyms: Poor, Spartan, Austere

307. OSTENTATIOUS

🔥🔥 VERY IMPORTANT

Meaning: Designed to attract attention by showing wealth or importance

Hindi: दिखावटी / आडंबरपूर्ण

Synonyms: Showy, Pretentious, Flamboyant, Vainglorious
Antonyms: Modest, Unassuming, Understated

⚠️ Ostensible ≠ Ostentatious

Ostensible = apparently true
Ostentatious = showy/displaying wealth

308. OVERT

Meaning: Open and clearly visible; not secret

Hindi: खुला / स्पष्ट

Synonyms: Open, Obvious, Explicit, Manifest
Antonyms: Covert, Hidden, Secret, Tacit

🔥 Overt ↔ Covert

309. PARSIMONIOUS

Already covered, so new:

309. PERFIDIOUS

Already covered.

New:

309. PERNICIOUSNESS → SKIP

309. PERSPICUOUS

🔥🔥 CONFUSION WORD

Meaning: Clearly expressed and easy to understand

Hindi: स्पष्ट / आसानी से समझ आने वाला

Synonyms: Lucid, Clear, Explicit, Intelligible
Antonyms: Obscure, Ambiguous, Confusing

⚠️ Perspicacious ≠ Perspicuous

Perspicacious = insightful/quick to understand
Perspicuous = clearly expressed/easy to understand

310. PELLUCID

🔥🔥

Meaning: Extremely clear; transparent

Hindi: पूर्णतः स्पष्ट / पारदर्शी

Synonyms: Lucid, Clear, Transparent, Intelligible
Antonyms: Opaque, Obscure, Murky

🧠 Pellucid explanation = crystal-clear explanation

311. PEREMPTORY

🔥🔥🔥 EXAM LEVEL

Meaning: Expecting immediate obedience; leaving no possibility of refusal

Hindi: आदेशात्मक / टालने की गुंजाइश न छोड़ने वाला

Synonyms: Imperative, Authoritative, Dictatorial, Categorical
Antonyms: Tentative, Hesitant, Permissive

Example:
The officer gave a peremptory order.

312. PRETERNATURAL

🔥🔥 RARE

Meaning: Beyond what is normal or natural

Hindi: असामान्य / प्राकृतिक सीमा से परे

Synonyms: Supernatural, Extraordinary, Abnormal, Unnatural
Antonyms: Natural, Ordinary, Normal

313. PROLIX

🔥🔥 VERY IMPORTANT

Meaning: Using too many words; excessively lengthy

Hindi: बहुत शब्दों वाला / अनावश्यक रूप से लंबा

Synonyms: Verbose, Wordy, Garrulous, Long-winded
Antonyms: Concise, Laconic, Terse

🧠 Prolix ↔ Laconic

314. PROPITIOUS

Meaning: Favorable and likely to bring success

Hindi: अनुकूल / शुभ

Synonyms: Auspicious, Favorable, Advantageous, Promising
Antonyms: Inauspicious, Unfavorable, Adverse

🔥 Propitious ≈ Auspicious

315. PUSILLANIMOUS

Already covered, so new:

315. PUNCTILIOUSNESS → SKIP

315. PREDATORY

Meaning: Seeking to exploit or harm others for personal gain

Hindi: शोषणकारी / शिकारी प्रवृत्ति वाला

Synonyms: Exploitative, Rapacious, Aggressive, Ruthless
Antonyms: Protective, Benevolent, Generous

316. RANCOR

🔥🔥 IMPORTANT

Meaning: Deep and lasting hatred or resentment

Hindi: गहरी दुश्मनी / कटुता

Synonyms: Resentment, Animosity, Malice, Hatred
Antonyms: Affection, Amity, Goodwill

317. RAPACIOUS

🔥🔥

Meaning: Extremely greedy, especially for wealth or possessions

Hindi: अत्यंत लालची / लूटने वाला

Synonyms: Greedy, Avaricious, Predatory, Grasping
Antonyms: Generous, Charitable, Benevolent

⚠️ Rapacious ≈ Avaricious, but often stronger and more aggressive.

318. RECRUDESCENT

Already covered. New:

318. REBARBATIVE

🔥🔥🔥 RARE

Meaning: Unpleasant or unattractive

Hindi: अप्रिय / अरुचिकर

Synonyms: Repellent, Unpleasant, Offensive, Distasteful
Antonyms: Pleasant, Attractive, Appealing

⚡ PART 14 QUICK REVISION

Word	Hindi	Synonym
Magniloquent	आडंबरपूर्ण भाषा	Bombastic
Maladroit	अनाड़ी	Clumsy
Malapropism	गलत समान-ध्वनि वाला शब्द	Misuse
Malediction	शाप	Curse
Malleable	आसानी से ढलने वाला	Pliable
Meretricious	दिखावटी लेकिन मूल्यहीन	Tawdry
Meteoric	तेजी से उभरने वाला	Rapid
Modicum	थोड़ी मात्रा	Little
Morose	उदास/चिड़चिड़ा	Sullen
Munificence	अत्यधिक उदारता	Generosity
Nebulous	अस्पष्ट	Vague
Noisome	दुर्गंधयुक्त/अप्रिय	Foul
Nonplus	असमंजस	Perplexity
Obloquy	सार्वजनिक निंदा	Opprobrium
Obtuse	मंदबुद्धि	Dull
Ontological	अस्तित्व संबंधी	Existential
Opulent	ऐश्वर्यपूर्ण	Luxurious
Ostentatious	दिखावटी	Showy
Overt	खुला/स्पष्ट	Explicit
Perspicuous	स्पष्ट	Lucid
Pellucid	पूर्णतः स्पष्ट	Crystal-clear
Peremptory	आदेशात्मक	Imperative
Preternatural	असामान्य	Supernatural
Prolix	बहुत शब्दों वाला	Verbose
Propitious	अनुकूल/शुभ	Auspicious
Predatory	शोषणकारी	Exploitative
Rancor	गहरी कटुता	Resentment
Rapacious	अत्यंत लालची	Greedy
Rebarbative	अप्रिय	Repellent

🔥 SUPER-IMPORTANT CONFUSION PAIRS

1. Ostensible vs Ostentatious

Ostensible → apparently true
Ostentatious → showy/displaying wealth

2. Perspicacious vs Perspicuous

Perspicacious → intelligent/insightful
Perspicuous → clearly expressed

3. Obtuse vs Obdurate

Obtuse → slow to understand
Obdurate → stubborn/refusing to change

4. Prolix vs Loquacious

Prolix → too many words, especially writing/speech
Loquacious → person who talks a lot

5. Rancor vs Animosity

Rancor → deep, lasting resentment
Animosity → strong hostility

6. Malleable vs Intransigent

Malleable → easily influenced/changed
Intransigent → unwilling to change

7. Modicum vs Plethora

Modicum → very small amount
Plethora → excessive amount

8. Propitious vs Pernicious

Propitious → favorable
Pernicious → harmful

🧠 ROOT TRICKS

🔹 MAL = BAD

Maladroit → badly skilled → clumsy
Malediction → bad words → curse
Malevolent → wishing bad → harmful
Malefactor → wrongdoer/criminal
Malcontent → dissatisfied person

🔹 ANTI = AGAINST

Antipathy → strong dislike
Antithesis → direct opposite
Antagonist → opponent
Antidote → remedy against poison

🔹 PRE = BEFORE

Preclude → prevent beforehand
Predict → say beforehand
Preordain → decide beforehand
Premonition → warning beforehand

📝 PART 14 MINI TEST

Q1. “Obloquy” means:
A) Praise
B) Public criticism/abuse
C) Wealth
D) Silence

Q2. Someone who is “rapacious” is:
A) Generous
B) Extremely greedy
C) Timid
D) Wise

Q3. “Peremptory” means:
A) Hesitant
B) Commanding
C) Friendly
D) Uncertain

Q4. “Nebulous” means:
A) Precise
B) Vague
C) Wealthy
D) Hostile

Q5. “Modicum” means:
A) Huge amount
B) Small amount
C) Complete absence
D) Excess

Q6. A “morose” person is generally:
A) Cheerful
B) Gloomy
C) Talkative
D) Generous

Q7. “Ostentatious” means:
A) Modest
B) Showy
C) Secret
D) Simple

Q8. “Pellucid” means:
A) Extremely unclear
B) Extremely clear
C) Hostile
D) Difficult

Q9. “Rancor” means:
A) Goodwill
B) Deep resentment
C) Generosity
D) Confidence

Q10. “Malleable” means:
A) Easily influenced
B) Extremely stubborn
C) Unclear
D) Aggressive

✅ Answers

1-B | 2-B | 3-B | 4-B | 5-B | 6-B | 7-B | 8-B | 9-B | 10-A

🎯 MASTER QUICK REVISION — PARTS 13–14

Word	One-word Meaning
Garrulous	Talkative
Grandiloquent	Pompous
Guile	Deceit
Hegemony	Dominance
Heinous	Wicked
Histrionic	Dramatic
Ignominious	Shameful
Imbroglio	Complication
Ineluctable	Unavoidable
Invidious	Unfair
Invective	Abuse
Judicious	Wise
Lassitude	Fatigue
Loquacious	Talkative
Magniloquent	Pompous
Maladroit	Clumsy
Malleable	Pliable
Meretricious	Flashy/worthless
Modicum	Little
Morose	Gloomy
Nebulous	Vague
Nonplus	Perplexity
Obloquy	Censure
Obtuse	Dull
Opulent	Luxurious
Ostentatious	Showy
Perspicuous	Clear
Pellucid	Crystal-clear
Peremptory	Commanding
Prolix	Wordy
Propitious	Favorable
Rancor	Resentment
Rapacious	Greedy
Rebarbative	Unpleasant

Bilkul dost 🔥 PART 15 continue karte hain. Ab R–Z ke high-level, rare aur exam-oriented words lenge. Focus wahi rahega: meaning + Hindi + tough synonyms + antonyms + exam traps + quick revision.

319. RECRIMINATION

Meaning: Mutual accusations between people who blame each other

Hindi: एक-दूसरे पर आरोप लगाना

Synonyms: Accusation, Counteraccusation, Blame, Censure
Antonyms: Praise, Appreciation, Commendation

Example: The discussion ended in mutual recriminations.

Recrimination = “You blame me, I blame you.”

320. REDOLENCE

Meaning: Strong or pleasant smell; a quality strongly suggesting something

Hindi: सुगंध / किसी चीज़ की याद दिलाने वाली विशेषता

Synonyms: Fragrance, Aroma, Scent, Evocation
Antonyms: Odorlessness

321. REMONSTRATE

Meaning: To protest or complain strongly but reasonably

Hindi: कड़ा विरोध/आपत्ति जताना

Synonyms: Protest, Object, Complain, Expostulate
Antonyms: Accept, Agree, Acquiesce

⚠️ Remonstrate ≠ Demonstrate

322. REPROBATE

Meaning: An unprincipled or morally untrustworthy person

Hindi: दुराचारी व्यक्ति

Synonyms: Scoundrel, Degenerate, Miscreant, Rogue
Antonyms: Saint, Virtuous person, Paragon

Reprobate = bad/morally corrupt person

323. REPRIEVE

Meaning: Temporary cancellation or postponement of punishment

Hindi: सज़ा से अस्थायी राहत

Synonyms: Respite, Pardon, Relief, Stay
Antonyms: Punishment, Execution

Example: The prisoner was granted a temporary reprieve.

⚠️ Reprieve = temporary relief, not permanent pardon.

324. REQUISITE

Meaning: Necessary or required

Hindi: आवश्यक / अनिवार्य

Synonyms: Necessary, Essential, Indispensable, Mandatory
Antonyms: Unnecessary, Optional, Dispensable

Example: He lacked the requisite qualifications.

325. RESCIND

Meaning: Officially cancel or revoke

Hindi: आधिकारिक रूप से रद्द करना

Synonyms: Revoke, Repeal, Abrogate, Annul
Antonyms: Ratify, Approve, Enact

Rescind = officially cancel

326. RESTIVE

Meaning: Unable to remain still or calm, especially because of boredom or dissatisfaction

Hindi: बेचैन / अधीर

Synonyms: Restless, Impatient, Agitated, Unruly
Antonyms: Calm, Patient, Composed

⚠️ Restive ≠ Restful

Restive = restless
Restful = relaxing

327. RHETORIC

Meaning: Language designed to persuade or impress, sometimes without sincere meaning

Hindi: प्रभावशाली/आलंकारिक भाषा

Synonyms: Eloquence, Oratory, Persuasion, Bombast
Antonyms: Plain speech, Directness

🧠 Rhetorical question = question asked for effect, not an actual answer.

328. RHETORICAL

Meaning: Intended to persuade or create an effect rather than obtain information

Hindi: प्रभाव उत्पन्न करने वाला / अलंकारिक

Synonyms: Persuasive, Oratorical, Expressive
Antonyms: Literal, Direct, Informative

329. SALUTARY

Meaning: Producing a beneficial effect, especially by teaching a lesson

Hindi: लाभकारी / सुधारात्मक

Synonyms: Beneficial, Advantageous, Wholesome, Remedial
Antonyms: Harmful, Pernicious, Deleterious

⚠️ Salubrious = healthful
⚠️ Salutary = beneficial, often as a lesson

330. SATURNINE

Meaning: Gloomy, serious, or habitually morose

Hindi: उदास / गंभीर / चिड़चिड़ा

Synonyms: Morose, Gloomy, Sullen, Melancholic
Antonyms: Cheerful, Ebullient, Jovial

Saturnine ≈ Morose

331. SCURRILOUS

Meaning: Vulgar, abusive, or offensively insulting

Hindi: अश्लील/अपमानजनक

Synonyms: Abusive, Vulgar, Offensive, Insulting, Coarse
Antonyms: Polite, Refined, Courteous

332. SENTENTIOUS

Meaning: Given to expressing ideas in a short, moralistic, or overly wise-sounding way

Hindi: सूक्तिपूर्ण / उपदेशात्मक

Synonyms: Aphoristic, Moralistic, Pithy, Didactic
Antonyms: Rambling, Verbose

⚠️ Sententious ≠ Sentimental

333. SOLICITOUS

Meaning: Showing concern or anxiety about someone/something

Hindi: चिंतित / अत्यधिक परवाह करने वाला

Synonyms: Concerned, Anxious, Attentive, Caring
Antonyms: Indifferent, Apathetic, Unconcerned

Example: She was solicitous of her friend's safety.

334. SOPORIFIC

Meaning: Causing sleepiness or drowsiness

Hindi: नींद लाने वाला

Synonyms: Sleep-inducing, Sedative, Drowsy, Somnolent
Antonyms: Stimulating, Exciting, Energizing

Soporific lecture = इतनी boring कि नींद आ जाए 😴

335. SPECIOUS

Meaning: Appearing true or reasonable but actually false

Hindi: दिखने में सही लेकिन वास्तव में गलत

Synonyms: Deceptive, Misleading, Fallacious, Plausible
Antonyms: Genuine, Valid, Sound

⚠️ Specious ≠ Spurious

Specious → appears convincing but is false
Spurious → false/not genuine

336. STENTORIAN

Meaning: Extremely loud and powerful voice

Hindi: बहुत तेज़ और गूंजदार आवाज़ वाला

Synonyms: Thunderous, Resounding, Booming, Loud
Antonyms: Soft, Quiet, Whispered

Stentorian voice = thunder-like voice

337. STOCHASTIC

Meaning: Involving randomness or probability

Hindi: यादृच्छिक / संभाव्यता-आधारित

Synonyms: Random, Probabilistic, Chance-based
Antonyms: Deterministic, Certain, Predictable

⚠️ Common in mathematics, statistics, economics and AI.

338. STRIDENT

Meaning: Harsh, loud, and unpleasantly forceful

Hindi: कर्कश / तीखी आवाज़ वाला

Synonyms: Harsh, Raucous, Shrill, Grating
Antonyms: Soft, Gentle, Melodious

Example: The strident criticism dominated the debate.

339. SUPINE

Meaning: Lying flat on one's back; also weak/passive or unwilling to act

Hindi: पीठ के बल लेटा हुआ / निष्क्रिय

Synonyms: Passive, Inactive, Inert, Submissive
Antonyms: Active, Energetic, Assertive

⚠️ Supine has both a physical and figurative meaning.

340. SURFEIT

Meaning: An excessive amount of something

Hindi: अतिरेक / जरूरत से ज्यादा मात्रा

Synonyms: Excess, Overabundance, Plethora, Glut
Antonyms: Scarcity, Shortage, Deficiency

Example: The market was flooded with a surfeit of cheap products.

341. SYBARITIC

Meaning: Extremely fond of luxury, pleasure and comfort

Hindi: विलासिता-प्रिय

Synonyms: Luxurious, Hedonistic, Indulgent, Voluptuous
Antonyms: Ascetic, Austere, Spartan

Sybaritic ↔ Ascetic

342. TEMERITY

Meaning: Excessive confidence or boldness, often recklessly

Hindi: दुस्साहस / धृष्टता

Synonyms: Audacity, Rashness, Boldness, Foolhardiness
Antonyms: Timidity, Caution, Prudence

Example: He had the temerity to challenge the senior officer.

343. TURGID

Meaning: Language that is unnecessarily complicated, pompous, or inflated

Hindi: आडंबरपूर्ण / भारी-भरकम भाषा

Synonyms: Bombastic, Pompous, Inflated, Grandiloquent
Antonyms: Concise, Simple, Lucid

Turgid writing = difficult because of inflated language

344. ULTIMATUM

Meaning: A final demand accompanied by a threat of consequences

Hindi: अंतिम चेतावनी/शर्त

Synonyms: Final demand, Final warning, Demand
Antonyms: Negotiation, Compromise

345. UNASSAILABLE

Meaning: Impossible to attack, challenge, or criticize successfully

Hindi: अजेय / जिस पर हमला या आपत्ति करना कठिन हो

Synonyms: Invulnerable, Impregnable, Irrefutable, Indisputable
Antonyms: Vulnerable, Defensible, Questionable

346. VACILLATE

Meaning: To keep changing between different opinions or choices

Hindi: दुविधा में बार-बार निर्णय बदलना

Synonyms: Waver, Hesitate, Fluctuate, Falter
Antonyms: Decide, Resolve, Determine

Vacillate = indecisive

347. VITRIOLIC

Meaning: Extremely bitter, harsh, or abusive

Hindi: अत्यंत कटु/तीखा

Synonyms: Caustic, Acerbic, Vituperative, Scathing
Antonyms: Kind, Gentle, Complimentary

Vitriolic criticism = बेहद तीखी आलोचना

348. WINSOME

Meaning: Attractive or charming in a simple, innocent way

Hindi: मनमोहक / आकर्षक

Synonyms: Charming, Appealing, Engaging, Endearing
Antonyms: Repulsive, Unappealing, Unpleasant

349. WRAITH

Meaning: A ghost or ghost-like figure; something extremely thin/pale

Hindi: भूत/प्रेत जैसी आकृति

Synonyms: Ghost, Specter, Apparition, Phantom

350. ZENITH

Meaning: The highest point or peak

Hindi: चरम बिंदु / शिखर

Synonyms: Pinnacle, Apex, Acme, Summit, Culmination
Antonyms: Nadir, Bottom, Low point

⚠️ Zenith ↔ Nadir

QUICK REVISION TABLE

Word	Hindi	Best Synonym
Recrimination	परस्पर आरोप	Counteraccusation
Remonstrate	विरोध जताना	Protest
Reprobate	दुराचारी व्यक्ति	Scoundrel
Reprieve	अस्थायी राहत	Respite
Requisite	आवश्यक	Essential
Rescind	रद्द करना	Revoke
Restive	बेचैन	Restless
Rhetoric	प्रभावशाली भाषा	Oratory
Salutary	लाभकारी	Beneficial
Saturnine	उदास/गंभीर	Morose
Scurrilous	अपमानजनक	Abusive
Sententious	सूक्तिपूर्ण/उपदेशात्मक	Aphoristic
Solicitous	चिंतित/परवाह करने वाला	Concerned
Soporific	नींद लाने वाला	Sedative
Specious	दिखने में सही, वास्तव में गलत	Fallacious
Stentorian	बहुत गूंजदार	Thunderous
Stochastic	यादृच्छिक	Probabilistic
Strident	कर्कश	Harsh
Supine	निष्क्रिय	Passive
Surfeit	अतिरेक	Excess
Sybaritic	विलासिता-प्रिय	Hedonistic
Temerity	दुस्साहस	Audacity
Turgid	आडंबरपूर्ण	Bombastic
Ultimatum	अंतिम चेतावनी	Final demand
Unassailable	अजेय/अखंडनीय	Irrefutable
Vacillate	निर्णय बदलते रहना	Waver
Vitriolic	अत्यंत कटु	Acerbic
Winsome	मनमोहक	Charming
Zenith	चरम बिंदु	Apex

MOST IMPORTANT CONFUSION PAIRS

Pair	Difference
Restive / Restful	बेचैन / आराम देने वाला
Specious / Spurious	दिखने में सही लेकिन गलत / नकली-झूठा
Salubrious / Salutary	स्वास्थ्यकर / लाभकारी-सुधारात्मक
Rhetoric / Rhetorical	प्रभावशाली भाषा / प्रभाव उत्पन्न करने वाला
Prolix / Turgid	बहुत शब्दों वाला / भारी-भरकम आडंबरपूर्ण भाषा
Morose / Saturnine	उदास / उदास-गंभीर स्वभाव वाला
Scurrilous / Vitriolic	अश्लील/अपमानजनक / बेहद कटु
Reprieve / Pardon	अस्थायी राहत / क्षमा
Rescind / Repeal	आधिकारिक रूप से रद्द करना / कानून रद्द करना
Zenith / Nadir	उच्चतम बिंदु / निम्नतम बिंदु
Vacillate / Prevaricate	निर्णय बदलना / सीधे उत्तर से बचना
Temerity / Diffidence	दुस्साहस / आत्मविश्वास की कमी

HIGH-VALUE SYNONYM CHAINS

“VERY CRITICAL / HARSH”

Acerbic → Caustic → Vitriolic → Vituperative → Scathing → Trenchant

“CONFUSION”

Nonplus → Quandary → Conundrum → Imbroglio → Perplexity

“EXCESS”

Plethora → Surfeit → Profusion → Abundance → Excess

“HIGHEST POINT”

Zenith → Apex → Acme → Pinnacle → Apogee

“UNAVOIDABLE”

Inevitable → Ineluctable → Inescapable → Unavoidable

“TALKATIVE”

Garrulous → Loquacious → Verbose → Prolix → Voluble

ONE-LINE IDENTIFICATION

Recrimination → You blame me, I blame you.
Remonstrate → strongly protest
Reprieve → temporary relief from punishment
Rescind → officially cancel
Restive → restless due to dissatisfaction
Specious → looks true, but isn't
Soporific → makes you sleepy
Stentorian → thunderous voice
Stochastic → random/probability-based
Surfeit → too much
Temerity → reckless boldness
Turgid → inflated/pompous language
Vacillate → cannot make up one's mind
Vitriolic → extremely bitter criticism
Zenith → highest point

MINI TEST

Q1. “Specious argument” means:
A) Completely valid
B) Apparently convincing but actually false
C) Extremely short
D) Unclear

Q2. “Vacillate” means:
A) Decide firmly
B) Keep changing one's decision
C) Speak loudly
D) Criticize harshly

Q3. A “stentorian” voice is:
A) Whispering
B) Thunderous
C) Musical
D) Unclear

Q4. “Reprieve” means:
A) Permanent pardon
B) Temporary relief from punishment
C) Severe punishment
D) Accusation

Q5. “Surfeit” means:
A) Scarcity
B) Excess
C) Deficiency
D) Moderation

Q6. “Temerity” means:
A) Cowardice
B) Reckless boldness
C) Wisdom
D) Patience

Q7. “Soporific” means:
A) Sleep-inducing
B) Exciting
C) Dangerous
D) Noisy

Q8. “Zenith” is the:
A) Lowest point
B) Highest point
C) Middle point
D) Starting point

Q9. “Rescind” means:
A) Approve
B) Officially cancel
C) Explain
D) Predict

Q10. “Restive” means:
A) Calm
B) Restless
C) Generous
D) Talkative

Answers: 1-B | 2-B | 3-B | 4-B | 5-B | 6-B | 7-A | 8-B | 9-B | 10-B

MASTER REVISION

Recrimination = mutual accusation
Remonstrate = protest strongly
Reprobate = immoral person
Reprieve = temporary relief
Requisite = necessary
Rescind = cancel officially
Restive = restless
Rhetoric = persuasive language
Salutary = beneficial
Saturnine = gloomy
Scurrilous = abusive
Sententious = moralizing
Solicitous = concerned
Soporific = sleep-inducing
Specious = deceptively plausible
Stentorian = thunderous
Stochastic = random
Strident = harsh-sounding
Supine = passive
Surfeit = excess
Sybaritic = luxury-loving
Temerity = audacity
Turgid = pompous/overblown
Ultimatum = final demand
Unassailable = impossible to challenge
Vacillate = waver
Vitriolic = bitter/harsh
Winsome = charming
Zenith = highest point

351. ABERRANT

Meaning: Deviating from what is normal or expected
Hindi: असामान्य / सामान्य से हटकर

Synonyms: Abnormal, Anomalous, Deviant, Irregular
Antonyms: Normal, Conventional, Regular

Aberrant behaviour = abnormal behaviour

352. ABNEGATE

Meaning: To give up or reject something, especially one's own interests

Hindi: त्याग करना / अपने हितों को छोड़ना

Synonyms: Renounce, Forsake, Sacrifice, Relinquish
Antonyms: Retain, Accept, Embrace

⚠️ Abnegate ≈ Renounce, but often implies self-denial.

353. ACERBITY

Meaning: Sharpness or bitterness of speech or manner

Hindi: कटुता / तीखापन

Synonyms: Harshness, Bitterness, Acidity, Causticity
Antonyms: Kindness, Mildness, Gentleness

Acerbic = adjective
Acerbity = noun

354. ACQUISITIVE

Meaning: Having a strong desire to acquire wealth or possessions

Hindi: धन/संपत्ति पाने की तीव्र इच्छा वाला

Synonyms: Greedy, Avaricious, Covetous, Materialistic
Antonyms: Generous, Charitable, Unselfish

⚠️ Acquisitive ≠ Acquired

355. ADJURE

Meaning: To urge or request someone earnestly; sometimes to command solemnly

Hindi: गंभीरता से आग्रह करना / शपथपूर्वक आदेश देना

Synonyms: Entreat, Implore, Urge, Beseech
Antonyms: Deter, Discourage

⚠️ Adjure ≠ Abjure

Adjure = earnestly request
Abjure = formally renounce

356. ADULTERATE

Meaning: Make something impure by adding inferior substances

Hindi: मिलावट करना

Synonyms: Contaminate, Dilute, Pollute, Debase
Antonyms: Purify, Refine, Cleanse

Example: The company was accused of adulterating the product.

357. ALCHEMY

Meaning: A seemingly magical process of transformation; historically, an attempt to turn base metals into gold

Hindi: रसायनविद्या / जादुई परिवर्तन

Synonyms: Transformation, Transmutation, Metamorphosis

358. ALIENATE

Meaning: To make someone feel isolated or unfriendly toward you

Hindi: दूर/विमुख कर देना

Synonyms: Estrange, Isolate, Antagonize, Distance
Antonyms: Befriend, Reconcile, Unite

Example: His arrogant behaviour alienated his colleagues.

359. ANACHRONISTIC

Meaning: Belonging to the wrong period of history; outdated

Hindi: काल-विसंगत / पुराने समय का

Synonyms: Outdated, Archaic, Antiquated, Obsolete
Antonyms: Modern, Contemporary, Current

⚠️ Anachronism = noun
⚠️ Anachronistic = adjective

360. ANOMALOUS

Meaning: Different from what is normal, usual, or expected

Hindi: असामान्य / विसंगत

Synonyms: Aberrant, Abnormal, Irregular, Deviant
Antonyms: Normal, Typical, Regular

Anomaly = abnormal thing
Anomalous = abnormal

361. ANTAGONISTIC

Meaning: Showing active opposition or hostility

Hindi: विरोधी / शत्रुतापूर्ण

Synonyms: Hostile, Opposed, Adverse, Belligerent
Antonyms: Friendly, Cooperative, Supportive

362. APPEASE

Meaning: To calm someone by satisfying their demands

Hindi: शांत करना / मांग पूरी करके संतुष्ट करना

Synonyms: Pacify, Placate, Conciliate, Mollify
Antonyms: Agitate, Provoke, Irritate

Appease ≈ Placate ≈ Mollify

363. APPOSITE

Meaning: Highly relevant or appropriate

Hindi: प्रासंगिक / बिल्कुल उपयुक्त

Synonyms: Relevant, Pertinent, Appropriate, Apt
Antonyms: Irrelevant, Inapposite, Inappropriate

Example: Her example was particularly apposite to the discussion.

⚠️ Apposite ≠ Opposite

364. ARDOR

Meaning: Intense enthusiasm or passion

Hindi: जोश / उत्साह / जुनून

Synonyms: Passion, Fervour, Zeal, Enthusiasm
Antonyms: Apathy, Indifference, Lethargy

Ardent = adjective
Ardor = noun

365. ATAVISTIC

Meaning: Showing characteristics of an ancient or primitive ancestor

Hindi: आदिम पूर्वजों जैसा / पैतृक आदिम गुण वाला

Synonyms: Primitive, Ancestral, Regressive, Primal
Antonyms: Modern, Progressive, Advanced

Atavism = reappearance of ancestral trait

366. AUGURY

Meaning: A sign or prediction of what will happen in the future

Hindi: शकुन / भविष्य का संकेत

Synonyms: Omen, Portent, Prognosis, Prophecy

367. AVARICE

Meaning: Extreme greed for wealth

Hindi: लोभ / लालच

Synonyms: Greed, Cupidity, Covetousness, Rapacity
Antonyms: Generosity, Charity, Altruism

Avarice = noun
Avaricious = adjective

368. BANAL

Meaning: So common or overused that it has become boring

Hindi: घिसा-पिटा / साधारण

Synonyms: Hackneyed, Trite, Clichéd, Platitudinous
Antonyms: Original, Novel, Fresh

⚠️ Banal ≈ Hackneyed

369. BELIE

Meaning: To show that something is false or contradict an impression

Hindi: झूठा साबित करना / विरोध करना

Synonyms: Contradict, Disprove, Refute, Undermine
Antonyms: Confirm, Support, Corroborate

Example: His calm expression belied his anxiety.

Belie = appearance says one thing, reality says another.

370. BIFURCATE

Meaning: To divide into two branches or parts

Hindi: दो भागों में विभाजित करना

Synonyms: Divide, Split, Fork, Branch
Antonyms: Unite, Combine, Merge

Bi = two → bifurcate = divide into two.

371. BYZANTINE

Meaning: Extremely complicated, usually because of excessive rules or procedures

Hindi: अत्यंत जटिल / पेचीदा

Synonyms: Complicated, Intricate, Convoluted, Labyrinthine
Antonyms: Simple, Straightforward, Clear

Example: The company has a Byzantine approval process.

372. CALLOW

Meaning: Inexperienced and immature

Hindi: अनुभवहीन / अपरिपक्व

Synonyms: Immature, Inexperienced, Naive, Unsophisticated
Antonyms: Mature, Experienced, Sophisticated

373. CANDID

Meaning: Honest and straightforward

Hindi: स्पष्टवादी / ईमानदार

Synonyms: Frank, Forthright, Sincere, Blunt
Antonyms: Deceptive, Evasive, Dishonest

⚠️ Candid ≠ Candidate

374. COGNIZANT

Meaning: Aware or conscious of something

Hindi: जागरूक / अवगत

Synonyms: Aware, Conscious, Mindful, Apprised
Antonyms: Unaware, Ignorant, Oblivious

Example: He was fully cognizant of the risks.

375. COMPORT

Meaning: To behave or conduct oneself in a particular way; to be in agreement

Hindi: व्यवहार करना / अनुरूप होना

Synonyms: Behave, Conduct, Conform, Accord
Antonyms: Misbehave, Contradict, Disagree

Comport oneself = behave oneself

376. CONFLAGRATION

Meaning: A large destructive fire

Hindi: भीषण आग / अग्निकांड

Synonyms: Inferno, Blaze, Firestorm, Fire
Antonyms: Extinction, Quenching

⚠️ Conflagration = extremely large/destructive fire

377. CONTRITE

Meaning: Feeling deeply sorry and guilty for wrongdoing

Hindi: पश्चाताप से भरा

Synonyms: Remorseful, Penitent, Repentant, Apologetic
Antonyms: Unrepentant, Defiant, Remorseless

378. COSSET

Meaning: To treat someone with excessive care or attention

Hindi: बहुत लाड़-प्यार करना

Synonyms: Pamper, Indulge, Spoil, Coddle
Antonyms: Neglect, Ignore, Discipline

QUICK REVISION TABLE

Word	Hindi Meaning	Synonym
Aberrant	असामान्य	Deviant
Abnegate	त्याग करना	Renounce
Acerbity	कटुता	Bitterness
Acquisitive	पाने का लालची	Covetous
Adjure	गंभीर आग्रह करना	Entreat
Adulterate	मिलावट करना	Contaminate
Alchemy	रूपांतरण	Transmutation
Alienate	दूर कर देना	Estrange
Anachronistic	काल-विसंगत	Outdated
Anomalous	असामान्य	Aberrant
Antagonistic	विरोधी	Hostile
Appease	शांत करना	Pacify
Apposite	प्रासंगिक	Pertinent
Ardor	जुनून	Passion
Atavistic	आदिम-पैतृक	Ancestral
Augury	शकुन/संकेत	Omen
Avarice	लालच	Cupidity
Banal	घिसा-पिटा	Trite
Belie	झूठा साबित करना	Contradict
Bifurcate	दो भाग करना	Divide
Byzantine	अत्यंत जटिल	Convoluted
Callow	अनुभवहीन	Immature
Candid	स्पष्टवादी	Frank
Cognizant	अवगत	Aware
Comport	व्यवहार/अनुरूप होना	Conform
Conflagration	भीषण अग्निकांड	Inferno
Contrite	पश्चातापी	Remorseful
Cosset	लाड़-प्यार करना	Pamper

EXAM TRAP

1. ADJURE vs ABJURE

Word	Meaning
Adjure	गंभीरता से आग्रह करना
Abjure	औपचारिक रूप से त्याग करना

2. APPOSITE vs OPPOSITE

Apposite = relevant/appropriate
Opposite = contrary

3. ANOMALOUS vs ANACHRONISTIC

Anomalous = abnormal/unusual
Anachronistic = belonging to wrong time period

4. ACERBIC vs ACERBITY

Acerbic = sharp/bitter (adjective)
Acerbity = sharpness/bitterness (noun)

5. AVARICE vs ACQUISITIVE

Avarice = extreme greed for wealth
Acquisitive = strong desire to acquire possessions

6. BELIE vs CORROBORATE

Belie = contradict an appearance
Corroborate = confirm with evidence

7. APPEASE vs PROVOKE

Appease = calm
Provoke = anger

8. BANAL vs ORIGINAL

Banal = overused/unoriginal
Original = fresh/new

9. CALLOW vs ERUDITE

Callow = inexperienced
Erudite = highly learned

10. CONTRITE vs UNREPENTANT

Contrite = genuinely sorry
Unrepentant = not sorry

ROOT POWER

🔹 BI = TWO

Bifurcate → divide into two
Bilateral → two-sided
Bilingual → two languages
Binocular → involving two eyes

🔹 COGN = KNOW

Cognizant → aware/knowing
Cognition → process of knowing/thinking
Recognize → know again
Incognito → unknown identity

COGN = KNOW

🔹 MAL = BAD

Maladroit → badly skilled
Malediction → curse/bad words
Malevolent → wishing harm
Malefactor → wrongdoer
Malcontent → dissatisfied

🔹 CONTRA = AGAINST

Contradict → speak against
Contrary → opposite
Counteract → act against
Contravene → violate/go against

MINI TEST

Q1. “Adjure” means:
A) Renounce
B) Earnestly request
C) Attack
D) Confuse

Q2. “Apposite” means:
A) Opposite
B) Relevant
C) Hostile
D) Ancient

Q3. “Anomalous” means:
A) Normal
B) Unusual
C) Traditional
D) Modern

Q4. “Belie” means:
A) Confirm
B) Contradict an appearance
C) Explain
D) Praise

Q5. A “callow” person is:
A) Experienced
B) Immature/inexperienced
C) Wealthy
D) Talkative

Q6. “Cognizant” means:
A) Unaware
B) Aware
C) Confused
D) Angry

Q7. “Conflagration” means:
A) Flood
B) Earthquake
C) Huge destructive fire
D) Storm

Q8. “Contrite” means:
A) Arrogant
B) Remorseful
C) Careless
D) Hostile

Q9. “Byzantine” describes something:
A) Very simple
B) Extremely complicated
C) Very modern
D) Very small

Q10. “Avarice” means:
A) Generosity
B) Extreme greed
C) Courage
D) Wisdom

Answers: 1-B | 2-B | 3-B | 4-B | 5-B | 6-B | 7-C | 8-B | 9-B | 10-B

30-SECOND REVISION

Aberrant → abnormal
Abnegate → renounce
Acerbity → bitterness
Acquisitive → greedy for possessions
Adjure → earnestly request
Adulterate → contaminate
Alienate → estrange
Anachronistic → wrong period
Anomalous → abnormal
Antagonistic → hostile
Appease → pacify
Apposite → relevant
Ardor → passion
Atavistic → ancestral/primitive
Augury → omen
Avarice → greed
Banal → trite
Belie → contradict appearance
Bifurcate → divide into two
Byzantine → complicated
Callow → inexperienced
Cognizant → aware
Comport → behave/conform
Conflagration → huge fire
Contrite → remorseful
Cosset → pamper

379. DEBONAIR

Meaning: Confident, charming, and sophisticated
Hindi: आकर्षक और शिष्ट

Synonyms: Suave, Urbane, Charming, Sophisticated
Antonyms: Awkward, Unrefined, Clumsy

Debonair = stylish + confident + charming

380. DEMAGOGUE

Meaning: A political leader who gains support by appealing to emotions and prejudices rather than reason

Hindi: भावनाओं/पूर्वाग्रहों को भड़काकर समर्थन पाने वाला नेता

Synonyms: Agitator, Rabble-rouser, Instigator
Antonyms: Statesman, Peacemaker

Demagogue = emotional manipulation for public support

381. DENOUEMENT

Meaning: The final part of a story in which the plot is resolved

Hindi: कहानी का अंतिम समाधान/निष्कर्ष

Synonyms: Resolution, Conclusion, Outcome, Finale
Antonyms: Beginning, Introduction

Mostly used in literature/storytelling.

382. DERELICT

Meaning: Neglected and in poor condition; also a person who has abandoned duties

Hindi: उपेक्षित/जर्जर; कर्तव्य छोड़ने वाला

Synonyms: Abandoned, Neglected, Dilapidated, Forsaken
Antonyms: Maintained, Cared-for, Responsible

Example: The building stood derelict for years.

383. DESPOTIC

Meaning: Exercising absolute power in a cruel or oppressive way

Hindi: निरंकुश / अत्याचारी

Synonyms: Tyrannical, Authoritarian, Dictatorial, Oppressive
Antonyms: Democratic, Liberal, Lenient

384. DIFFUSE

Meaning: Spread over a wide area; also make something less concentrated or less clear

Hindi: फैलाना / बिखरा हुआ

Synonyms: Disperse, Scatter, Spread, Disseminate
Antonyms: Concentrate, Condense, Gather

⚠️ Diffuse ≠ Defuse

Diffuse = spread
Defuse = reduce tension/danger

385. DIGRESS

Meaning: Depart from the main subject while speaking or writing

Hindi: मुख्य विषय से भटक जाना

Synonyms: Deviate, Wander, Stray, Divagate
Antonyms: Focus, Concentrate, Adhere

Example: Let me not digress from the main issue.

386. DIRGE

Meaning: A mournful song or piece of music, especially for a funeral

Hindi: शोकगीत

Synonyms: Lament, Elegy, Funeral song, Threnody
Antonyms: Celebration, Hymn of joy

Dirge = funeral/mourning song

387. DISABUSE

Meaning: Persuade someone to stop believing something that is false

Hindi: गलत धारणा से मुक्त करना

Synonyms: Correct, Enlighten, Undeceive, Disillusion
Antonyms: Mislead, Deceive, Delude

Example: The evidence disabused him of his false belief.

388. DISCERN

Meaning: To recognize or understand something, especially with difficulty

Hindi: पहचानना / समझ पाना

Synonyms: Perceive, Detect, Distinguish, Recognize
Antonyms: Overlook, Miss, Ignore

🧠 Discern = see/understand clearly

389. DISCREPANT

Meaning: Inconsistent or conflicting

Hindi: असंगत / विरोधाभासी

Synonyms: Inconsistent, Conflicting, Divergent, Contradictory
Antonyms: Consistent, Compatible, Concordant

Example: There were discrepant figures in the two reports.

390. DISINGENUOUS

Meaning: Not sincere or straightforward; pretending to be innocent

Hindi: कपटी / बनावटी / असत्यनिष्ठ

Synonyms: Insincere, Deceitful, Evasive, Artful
Antonyms: Genuine, Candid, Sincere, Frank

⚠️ Ingenuous = innocent/sincere
⚠️ Disingenuous = insincere/deceptive

391. DISQUISITION

Meaning: A long, detailed discussion or written examination of a subject

Hindi: विस्तृत विवेचन / लंबी विद्वत्तापूर्ण चर्चा

Synonyms: Treatise, Dissertation, Discussion, Exposition
Antonyms: Brief note, Summary

392. DOLOROUS

Meaning: Full of sorrow or grief

Hindi: दुखी / शोकपूर्ण

Synonyms: Sorrowful, Mournful, Dolorous, Lamenting
Antonyms: Joyful, Cheerful, Ebullient

393. DUPLICITOUS

Meaning: Deceitful; deliberately dishonest

Hindi: कपटी / दोहरे व्यवहार वाला

Synonyms: Deceitful, Devious, Treacherous, Two-faced
Antonyms: Honest, Candid, Straightforward

Duplicity = deceitfulness

394. EFFACE

Meaning: Erase or remove something completely

Hindi: मिटा देना

Synonyms: Erase, Obliterate, Expunge, Wipe out
Antonyms: Preserve, Retain, Record

Example: Time cannot efface the memory.

395. EFFULGENT

Meaning: Shining brightly

Hindi: चमकदार / तेजस्वी

Synonyms: Radiant, Brilliant, Luminous, Resplendent
Antonyms: Dull, Dark, Gloomy

🧠 Effulgent = brilliantly shining

396. ELEGY

Meaning: A poem/song expressing sorrow, especially for someone who has died

Hindi: शोकगीत / शोक-कविता

Synonyms: Lament, Dirge, Threnody
Antonyms: Ode of celebration

⚠️ Elegy vs Dirge

Elegy = poem/song mourning the dead
Dirge = mournful funeral song

397. ELOQUENT

Meaning: Fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing

Hindi: प्रभावशाली/वाक्पटु

Synonyms: Articulate, Expressive, Persuasive, Fluent
Antonyms: Inarticulate, Inexpressive, Incoherent

398. EMOLLIENT

Meaning: Something that soothes or softens; also a soothing influence

Hindi: मुलायम/शांत करने वाला

Synonyms: Soothing, Softening, Calming, Mollifying
Antonyms: Irritating, Harsh, Aggravating

Emollient cream = skin-softening cream

399. ENIGMA

Meaning: Something mysterious or difficult to understand

Hindi: रहस्य / पहेली

Synonyms: Mystery, Puzzle, Conundrum, Riddle
Antonyms: Explanation, Certainty, Clarity

400. ENTRENCH

Meaning: Establish something firmly so that it is difficult to change/remove

Hindi: गहराई से स्थापित करना

Synonyms: Establish, Embed, Fortify, Secure
Antonyms: Remove, Dislodge, Weaken

Example: The practice became deeply entrenched in society.

401. EPITHET

Meaning: A descriptive word/phrase used to characterize someone or something

Hindi: विशेषण / उपाधि

Synonyms: Descriptor, Label, Nickname, Characterization

Example: “The Great” is an epithet associated with several rulers.

402. ERSTWHILE

Meaning: Former; previous

Hindi: पूर्व / पहले का

Synonyms: Former, Previous, Earlier, Once
Antonyms: Current, Present, Future

Example: The erstwhile king lived in exile.

Erstwhile = formerly

403. ESPERANTO

Meaning: An international artificial language created to facilitate communication

Hindi: अंतरराष्ट्रीय कृत्रिम भाषा

Exam point: Created by L. L. Zamenhof.

404. EXECRABLE

Meaning: Extremely bad or unpleasant

Hindi: अत्यंत खराब / घृणित

Synonyms: Abominable, Detestable, Atrocious, Heinous
Antonyms: Excellent, Admirable, Praiseworthy

405. EXIGUOUS

Meaning: Very small in amount or size

Hindi: बहुत कम / नगण्य

Synonyms: Meagre, Scanty, Sparse, Insufficient
Antonyms: Abundant, Ample, Plentiful

⚠️ Exiguous = extremely small

406. EXPATIATE

Meaning: Speak or write at length about a subject

Hindi: किसी विषय पर विस्तार से बोलना/लिखना

Synonyms: Elaborate, Expound, Discuss, Dilate
Antonyms: Condense, Summarize, Curtail

Expatriate ≠ Expatriate

Expatriate = person living outside homeland
Expatriate and Expatriate are different from Expatriate—don't confuse spelling!

407. EXPURGATE

Meaning: Remove offensive or objectionable material from a text

Hindi: आपत्तिजनक अंश हटाना

Synonyms: Censor, Delete, Purge, Edit
Antonyms: Insert, Add, Include

Expurgate = censor by removing offensive parts

400+ Most Important Vocabulary Words for Competitive Exams with Meaning

English Vocabulary

1. OPPROBRIUM

Synonyms

Antonyms

Memory Trick

Expected Question

2. PORTEND

Synonyms

Antonyms

Memory Trick

Expected Question

3. PREVARICATE

Synonyms

Antonyms

Important Difference

Expected Question

4. OSTENSIBLE

Synonyms

Antonyms

Important Exam Point

Expected Question

5. ABSTRUSE

Synonyms

Antonyms

Exam trap

6. RECONDITE

Synonyms

Antonyms

Expected

7. ESOTERIC

Synonyms

Antonyms

8. ARCANE

Synonyms

Antonym

Expected

9. PERNICIOUS

Synonyms

Antonyms

Exam-level pair

10. INIMICAL

Synonyms

Antonyms

11. UBIQUITOUS

Synonyms

Antonym

Expected

12. PERFUNCTORY

Synonyms

Antonyms

Example

13. LACONIC

Synonyms

Antonyms

Important distinction

14. GARRULOUS

Synonyms

Antonyms

Expected

15. TACITURN

Synonyms

Antonyms

QUICK REVISION

सबसे जरूरी Synonym Chains

16. PUSILLANIMOUS

Synonyms

Antonyms

17. OBDURATE

Synonyms

Antonyms

18. MENDACIOUS

Synonyms

Antonyms

Expected Question

19. ASSIDUOUS

Synonyms

Antonyms

20. INTRANSIGENT

Synonyms